Respiratory System Flashcards

Question

Pleural cavity

Answer 1

Serous fluid in the pleural cavity creates a tight bond between parietal and visceral pleura, allows to expand lungs when your chest expands Must always be more negative than pressure in a,evolution sacs in order to keep air sacs open (acts like a vacuum) Atelectasis: punctured pleural cavity, air enters pleura, cavity, lungs recoil. Other lung works tho. But if infection, then could spread

Answer 2

Total volume: 6L. Can never exhale everything, residual volume will stay (1.2L). Surface area is enormous, which leads to the 6L even through it seems a lot Tidal volume: normal quiet breathing , (.5L), when such, less Inspiratoire reserve volume: amount of air tha can be taken forcibly over tidal volume (3.1L) Expiratory reserve volume: amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after tidal expiration (1.2L) Residual volume: remaining in lung after expiration, cannot be exhaled, allows gas exchange to go on continuously even between breaths and helps keep alveoli open (1.2L) Vital capacity: total amount of exchangeable air (without residual volume) about (4.8L)

Answer 3

In lungs O2 from alveoli to alveolar capillaries, CO2 opposite

Answer 4

In tissues O2 goes from tissue capillaries to tissue cells, CO2 opposite

Answer 5

Transports co2 When co2 gets picked up in your system, it goes to the buffer system, When o2 gets dropped to tissue cells, cells drop co2, causing the system to tilt towards h2co3 Hco3- + h+= h2co3= co2 +h2o

Answer 6

Oxygen trav,es attached to hemoglobin and forms oxyhemoglobin Small amount dissolved in the plasma

Answer 7

Transported in the plasma as biocarbonate ion (hco3-) buffer Too much co2 causes accumulation of carbonic acid (h2co3) and decreases blood ph Small amount carried inside red blood cells on hemoglobin but at a different bidding sites than o2

Answer 8

Medulla: VRG and DRG Pons: pons centers Chemosensors in your brain detect pH changes in cerebrospinal fluid Receptors detect oxygen in aorta Will send afférent information to the medulla and pons using the vagus nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve Will send efferent signal using the phrenic nerves and intercostal nerve to the diagram and intercostal muscles

Answer 9

Normal respiration

Answer 10

Increased respiratory rate

Answer 11

Ventral respiratory group VRG: sets the rhythm, a pacemaker (neurons that form a pattern of excitation and inhibition without any imput from sensors, excites and inhibits itself) Travels along phrenic nerve and intercostal nerve to excite diaphragm and external intercostal muscles Dorsal respiratory group DRG: sets the timing, receives sensory information and integrates the imput from peripheral stretch and chemoreceptors and communicates this info (ie over inflation) to the VRG. Fine tuner

Answer 12

Pontine respiratory centres tranmit impulses to the VRG fine tunes during certain activities such as vocalisations sleep and exercise Responsible for hyperpneau and eupnia

Answer 13

Most important factors Lots of co2 means lower pH and high H+ Central chemoreceptors are stimulated by H+ in CSF Peripheral chemoreceptors are stimulated by O2 and H+ in blood. Some in skeletal muscles are stimulated by H+ and lactic acid Carotid body and Aortic body

Answer 14

Physical facts (speaking, exercise, etc) will change respiratory rate. Also emotional (hypothalamus overrides respiratory system) factors and volition pH low, high co2, blood acidosis, will start breathing deeply and rapidly (hyperventilation) pH high, low co2, blood alkalosis, breathing becomes shallow and slow (hypo ventilation) Can cause protein dénaturation

Answer 15

In arterial blood, if O2 concentration goes down, CO2 goes up, H+ goes up, peripheral chemoreceptors will detects and respond by sending stimulus to respiratory control centers In csf, CO2 increases, H+ increases, central chemoreceptors will detect and respond by sending stimulus to respiratory contro, centers Changes ventilation rate, restoring arterial blood gases