Labs Flashcards
Girdle
Pelvic girdle: 3 fused bones
Illium
Ischium (sit bones)
Pubis (what bladder sits on)
Provides firm structure for body weight transmission on the limbs
If angle of pubis arch is bigger than 90, it’s female (for birth)
Pectoral girdle (shoulders)
Attaches axial and appendicular skeletons
Bones
Compact bone
Homogenous
Spongy bone:
Small needle like pieces
Many open spaces
Transport nutrients to bone tissues
Classification of bones on shape
Long (compact)
Short (spongy)
Flat (compact surrounded by spongy)
Irregular
Long bone anatomy
Compact bone on the outside, spongy on the inside
Epiphysis (ends)
Diaphysis (middle)
In cavity in diaphysis, there is fat, yellow bone marrow, gives it a bit of bounce
In kids, red blood marrow for generation of new blood cells, which gets (mostly) replaced by yellow marrow
Epiphysis are covered by hyaline cartilage to reduce friction
Epiphyseal plate gets thinner with time, long bone grows
Compact bone
Looks like tree rings
??
Types of bone cells
Osteocytes—mature bone cells
Osteoblasts—bone-forming cells
Osteoclasts—giant bone-destroying cells
Break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium in response to parathyroid hormone
Joint
Also called articulation, where 2 or more bones meet and are held together by various structures (ligaments and tendons)
Ligament connect bone to bone, tendons connect muscle to bone
Synovial joins: appendicular skeleton allow for the biggest movements
Fibrous joints (sutures in skull ex, don’t move)
Cartilaginous joints (ex joints in vertebrae)
Movements
• Flexion: decreasing angle
• Extension: 180
• Hyperextension: increasing angle
• Abduction: raising to the side
• Adduction: bringing back to the body
• Plantarflexion: pointing your toes, straight line
• Dorsiflexion: bringing toes to the front of your leg
Producing a movement
Origin: where muscle is attched or the immovable bone
Insertion: attachement to he more movement bone
Insertion moves towards the origin
Prime mover/agonist: principle muscle involved in an action
Synergistic: muscle WHOS contraction helps a prime mover in an action
Fixations: synergistic tha sssist an agonist by preventing or reducing movement at another joint, stabilizing the origin of the agonist
Antagonist: muscle that opposes the action of an agonist
Joints
synarthrose
amphiarthrose
diarthrose
fibrosis
cartilaginous
synovial
