Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology 1020 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Lung function

A

gas exchange
regulation of pH
speech
immune system
trapping and dissolving small blood clots
changing chemical messenger []

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

thoracic cavity

A

-lungs are here
-diaphragm separates thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

difference between L and R lung

A

L: 2 lobes heart indent
R: 3lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lung structure

A

trachea> primary bronchi> secondary bronchi > tertiary bronchi > terminal bronchioles >respiratory bronchioles > alveoli
-cartilage around trachea and bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

conducting zone

A

moves air
-last part is terminal bronchioles
-ciliated bronchial epithelial cells -mucus traps particles and cilia sweeps it out of lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

respiratory zone

A

-gas exchange (simple diffusion
-starts at respiratory bronchioles (have a alveolus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

alveolar sac

A

cluster of alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

alveolus

A

inside air filled
blood gas barrier
wrapped in capillaries
-o2 in, co2 out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

type 2 epithelial cell

A

make up alveolar wall
-produces surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

type 1 epithelial cell

A

most of alveoli wall
-gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

alveolar macrophage

A

helps keep alveoli free from bacteria and viruses using endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

alveolar ventilation

A

moving air in and out alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A

how much air enters the whole lung
= tidal volume and respiratory rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tidal volume

A

amount of air 1 breath during normal breathing
500ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

anatomical dead space VD

A

conducting zone
every 1lb is 1lm of dead space x resp. rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

alveolar ventilation equation

A

=(tidal volume x resp. rate) - (body weight x resp. rate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pleural membranes

A

2 thin membranes that surrounds lungs
parietal and visceral pleura
P-attached to top of diaphragm and inside ribs
v- attached to lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

intrapleural space

A

fluid filled space within the pleural membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

boyle’s law

A

increase P, decrease V
vis versa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

intrapulmonary P

A

pressure of air inside lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

atmospheric P

A

P in air we breathe
760mmHg

22
Q

inhalation at rest

A

higher atmospheric P than intrapulmonary P
- v of thoracic cavity increases by contracting diaphragm and moves down + contracting external intercostals
-active process

23
Q

exhalation at rest

A

intrapul. P > atm. P
-decrease thoracic cavity by relaxing diaphragm and moving up and relaxing external intercostals
-passive process

24
Q

inhalation during exercise

A

increase tidal volume
-contracts diaphragm (moves down) and external intercostals
-active process

25
Q

exhalation during exercise

A

relax diaphragm and external intercostals
-contract internal intercostals to move rib cage down
-contract rectus abdominus and internal and external obliques
-active process

26
Q

intrapleural P

A

p in intrapleural space
-always less then intrapulmonary P

27
Q

pneumothorax

A

collapsed lung
-transpulmonary P=0
2 ways
puncturing parietal pleura so atm. P fills intrapleural space
puncturing visceral pleura so intrapul. P fills intrapleural space

28
Q

transpulmonary P

A

intrapulmonary P - intrapleural P.
-mmHg
-pressure across intrapleural space
-stops collapse
when 0 it has reached equilibrium

29
Q

lung recoil

A

elastic tissues causes it to recoil (deflate)
-can promote pneumothorax
-elastin is found in walls of alveoli
-caused by surface tension

30
Q

surface tension

A

h2o attracted to each other b/c of H-bond
h2o in alveolus are attracted towards each others cause it to collapse

31
Q

pulmonary surfactant

A

-phospholipids so head attracts h20 but tails balances out forces to stop collapse
-lies over air-liquid interface
=decreases surface tension

32
Q

lung compliance

A

measure of stretchability of lungs
-low compliance, larger change in intrapulmonary P during inhalation

=change in lung V/ change in lung P
-factors affecting it, elastin and surface tension
ex. lower compliance, too much elastin, too much surface tension

33
Q

Neonatal Respiratory Distress syndrome

A

occurs in premature infants
-lack mature surfactant system
>poor lung function, alveolar collapse, hypoxemia
treatment: administer surfactant (bLES)

34
Q

hypoxemia

A

low blood oxygen

35
Q

emphysema

A

-types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
-inhales irritants, damaging alveoli and its wall
- decrease number of available involved in gas exchange decrease o2 in blood
-loss of elastin
increase lung compliance, issue with exhalations
-increase [] of co2 in aveoli

36
Q

no air movement

A

atm. P = intra pulmonary pressure

37
Q

spirometry

A

measures tidal V, inspiratory pressure V, expiratory pressure V

38
Q

inspiratory reserve V

A

amount of air in lungs after normal tidal volume (extra air on top of tidal volume

39
Q

expiratory reserve V

A

after normal exhale, how much can we exhale

40
Q

residual volume

A

air that stays in lung after all breathing
-can’t use spirometry

41
Q

total lung capacity

A

Vt + inspiratory reserve V + expiratory reserve V + residual V
=5-6L

42
Q

vital capacity

A

max air inhaled and exhaled
Vt + inspiratory reserve V + expiratory reserve V

43
Q

forced vital capacity

A

max air inhaled, force air out as quickly as you can

44
Q

FEV1

A

measure FEV (forced expiratory volume) in 1 sec

45
Q

obstructive lung diseases diagnoses

A

uses spirometry
FEV1/FVC (Forced vital capacity)= normal lung =80%

46
Q

asthma

A

narrowing of airways b/c smooth muscle contraction/hyper responsive
-hyper secretion of mucus
thickened + inflamed air way wall

causes: allergens, pollution, cold air, exercise

47
Q

restrictive lung disease and example

A

issue with exhaling
pulmonary fibrosis>less compliant b/c scar tissue on alveoli walls (less stretch and thicker)

48
Q

partial pressure of o2 (PO2)

A

how much pressure o2 contributes to total atmospheric pressure
-PO2 of atmosphere air is =160mmHg

49
Q

partial pressure of CO2

A

how much pressure co2 contributes to total atmospheric pressure
-0.3mmHg

50
Q

increase simple diffusion

A

high PO2 in alveoli vs. blood in capillaries
-lots of membrane area
thin membrane

51
Q
A

Physiology 1020 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions