Renal System- semester 2

Question 1

antidiuretic hormone

Answer 1

regulates h2o balance by how much h20 is reabsorbed by nephrons
causes less urine produced
affects diameter of blood vessels

Question 2

vasopressin

Answer 2

constriction of blood vessel

Question 3

neuroendocrine cells

Answer 3

release hormones, not neurotransmitters
cell bodies in hypothalamus, axons form posterior pituitary

Question 4

average urine, lowest, highest

Answer 4

1.5l/day
0.4
25

Question 5

obligatory urine loss

Answer 5

minimal urine production

Question 6

posterior pituitary

Answer 6

axon terminals from hypothalamus
secretes ADH
extensive network of capillaries

Question 7

result when total body h20 decreases

Answer 7

decrease V of extracellular fluid
decrease BP
increase [] of blood

Question 8

baroreceptors

Answer 8

-at normal BP, send AP to medulla oblongata
(lower BP less AP)
-change HR and BV diameter
-connect to hypothalamus to stimulate release ADH
-trigger low BP, ADH released

Question 9

osmoreceptors

Answer 9

-within hypothalamus
-send more AP to other neurons, plasma osmolarity increases
-then ADH released
-they change V to increase AP
-synapse on neuroendocrine cells

Question 10

ADH in collecting duct

Answer 10

ADH binds receptor, info is transmitted
principal cells stimulated by ADH have more aquaporin 2 channels at luminal membrane
-vesicles insert more aquaporin channels into luminal membrane, allowing more h20 in collecting duct cells

Question 11

no ADH in collecting duct

Answer 11

aquaporin 2 channels moved back, and held in vesicles
-no h20 reabsorbed + impermeable to h2o

Question 12

ADH and BP relationship

Answer 12

low BP triggers, decrease baroreceptors activity release of ADH
-low total body h2o, decreases MAP
-then ADH increases number of aquaporin 2 channels in luminal membrane

Question 13

behaviour response to low total body h20

Answer 13

thirst
-triggered but osmoreceptors