Respiratory system

Question 1

Pharynx

Answer 1

throat, connects to larynx

Question 2

larynx

Answer 2

Voice box, rigid walls of cartilage, connections to trachea

Question 3

epiglottis

Answer 3

small flap of cartilage that allows food to pass into the stomach and not the lungs

Question 4

thoracic cavity

Answer 4

is the chamber in the chest that is protected by the ribs and sternum

Question 5

Flow of air

Answer 5

nasal cavity - pharynx - epiglottis - larynx - trachea - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli - lungs - diaphragm

Question 6

function of respiration

Answer 6

thorax to increase in size to allow it to be taken in, followed by a decrease to allow air to be forced out

Question 7

inspiration

Answer 7

diaphragm and exernal intercostal muscles contract, diaphram flattens, external intercostal muscles raise the ribs rise up and out, increases area of thoracic cavity , reduces pressure

Question 8

expiration

Answer 8

diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax, internal intercostals contract lowering thr ribs inward and downwards, decreases area of thoracic cavity, increases pressure

Question 9

gaseous exchange

Answer 9

Alveoli and capillaries walls form membrane, latches onto haemoglobin

Question 10

tidal volume

Answer 10

the amount of air inspired or expired in normal breath when the person is at rest, 0.5 litres

Question 11

vital capacity

Answer 11

the volume of air that can be forced out the lungs after maximal inspiration, 4.8 litres

Question 12

inspired reserve volume

Answer 12

amount of additional air that can be breathed in after normal expiration, decrease during exercise

Question 13

expired reserve volume

Answer 13

Amount Of additional air that an be breathed out after normal expiration, decrease during exercise

Question 14

residual volume

Answer 14

amount of air left in the lungs even after forced breathing out, volume of it cannot be reached out, prevents lungs from collapsing, 1.2 litres, preserving more oxygen so increases during exercise

Question 15

total lung capacity

Answer 15

vital capacity + residual volume, 6.0 litres

Question 16

pulmonary ventilation

Answer 16

process of moving air in and out of the lungs

Question 17

minute volume

Answer 17

passing of air through the lungs in one minute

Question 18

control of breathing

Answer 18

oxygen for energy, rate needs to increase, rate needs to slow, medulla oblongata, involuntary functions

Question 19

neural control

Answer 19

contraction of he diaphragm and intercostal muscles, controlled by neurons, breathing controlled by medulla oblongata, send impulses to muscles to contract making the breathing speed up by higher force and faster contractions

Question 20

chemical control

Answer 20

chemoreceptors found in the heart, chemoreceptors pick up changes of chemical fluctuations, exercise CO2 increases, signal sent to medulla oblongata to speed up through neural control

Question 21

responses - increased breathing rate

Answer 21

During exercise the demand for oxygen increases, carbon dioxide levels increase, breathing rate increases to fuel the demand for oxygen, hem more intense the exercise the greater the breathing rate, when we stop exercising breathing rate slows, prior to exercise you may experience and anticipate rise in breathing

Question 22

Responses - increased tidal volume

Answer 22

tidal volume increase due to the extra demand for oxygen, this allows more air to pass through the lungs, pulmonary ventilation, allows the oxygen to be delivered to the working muscles, tidal volume increases during both aerobic and anaerobic exercise, during intense exercise minute volume can increase by 15 times

Question 23

adaptations - increased vital capacity

Answer 23

training will increase vital capacity, vital capacity is the volume of air that can be forced out of the lungs after maximum expiration, an increase in vital capacity will mean there will be more a efficient supply of oxygen to the working muscles

Question 24

adaptaions - increased strength of respiratory muscles

Answer 24

training will increase the strength of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, a stronger diaphragm and intercostal muscle will increase the thoracic cavity more oxygen to be taken out of the lungs

Question 25

adaptations - increased oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion rate

Answer 25

due to the increase in capillaries there is an increase in efficiency of diffusion of gases, more oxygen can be delivered to the working muscles, more carbon dioxide can be removed and exhaled

Question 26

asthma

Answer 26

airways become restricted, bands contract and tighten so air cannot move freely, phlegm can narrow airway further, asthma attack reduces performance, increasing vital capacity and diffusion rate

Question 27

partial pressure/altitude

Answer 27

Shortness of breath, dizziness, hypoxia, increase breathing rate and depth, elite will train a altitude increasing rbc

Question 28

Pulmonary ventilation

Answer 28

The process of inhaling and exhaling, exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide