Muscular system Flashcards
Skeletal muscles
voluntary muscles are the muscles around the skeleton
We have control over them - consciously controlled
They attach to the skeleton by the tendons
E.g. biceps, triceps, quadriceps
Smooth muscles
unconsciously controlled
They are controlled by the nervous system
Control body functions such as the movement of food and blood
E.g. bladder, stomach, blood vessels
Cardiac muscles
Unconsciously controlled
Doesn’t fatigue
Only found in the walls of the heart
Cardiac muscles help circulate blood through and out of the heart
Synergists
Work together to enable the agonist to operate more effectively. They work with agonists to control and direct movement by modifying or altering the direction of the pull on the agonist to the most advantageous position.
Fixators
muscles stop any unwanted movement throughout the whole body by fixing or stabilising the joint or joints involved. Fixator muscles stabilise the origin so that the agonist can achieve maximum and effective contraction.
Concentric muscle contractions
the muscle contractions and shortens, positive phase of the muscle contraction
Eccentric muscle contractions
The muscle interacts and lengthens, this often occurs when the muscle is controlled a movement due to a load or gravity, negative phase of the muscle contraction
Isometric
the muscle contracts but here is little or no movement, muscle doesn’t shorten or lengthen
Type I
Force of contraction - low
Speed of contraction - slow
Resistance to fatigue - high
Aerobic and anaerobic - aerobic
Type IIA
Force of contraction - high
Speed of contraction - medium
Resistance to fatigue - moderate
Aerobic and anaerobic - both
Type IIX
Force of contraction - very high
Speed of contraction - fast
Resistance to fatigue - low
Aerobic and anaerobic - anaerobic
The all or none law
