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NCLEX: Pediatric > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Inflammation and/or infection of the outer ear

A

Otitis externa

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2
Q

Inflammation or infection of the middle ear

A

Otitis media

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3
Q

Otitis externa risk factors

A

Swimming, ages 7-14, foreign object insertion into ears

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4
Q

S/S of otitis externa

A

Ear pain, swelling, redness, discharge

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5
Q

Otitis externa treatment

A

Otic drops usually containing both and antibiotic (such as ciprofloxacin) and steroid (such as dexamethasone)

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6
Q

Administration of otic drops to children

A

Lay on on unaffected side, warm drops to room temp, instill drops into ear, have child lay for 3-5 min after instillation

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7
Q

_____ _____ is usually preceded by an upper respiratory infection that causes congestion and inflammation in the ear

A

Otitis media

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8
Q

Otitis media risk factors

A

Exposure to cigarette smoke**, ages 6-24 months

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9
Q

S/S of otitis media

A

Drainage from affected ear, child frequently pulling on ear, increased irritability and crying, impaired sleeping

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10
Q

When visualizing the tympanic membrane of a child with otitis media, it may appear

A

Red and bulging

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11
Q

Otitis media treatment

A

Analgesics (acetaminophen, NSAIDs), antibiotics

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12
Q

Treatment for recurrent middle ear infections

A

Myringotomy (tubes that helps drain fluid from ears)

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13
Q

What are two key complications of untreated strep throat?

A

Rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis

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14
Q

Treatment for chronic tonsillitis

A

Tonsillectomy

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15
Q

Tonsillectomy pre-op nursing care

A

Run labs to check for bleeding disorders or assess for family hx of bleeding disorders

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16
Q

Tonsillectomy post-op nursing care

A

Provide an ice collar for patient, assess patient carefully for frequent swallowing or clearing of the throat (sign of bleeding)

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17
Q

Tonsillectomy patient education

A

Do not consume red foods or liquid, avoid spicy foods, NO straws, avoid coughing or blowing nurse vigorously

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18
Q

Epiglottitis is life-threatening because it can lead to

A

Airway compromise

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19
Q

Population commonly affected by epiglottitis

A

Children between 2-5; unvaccinated (Hib) children

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20
Q

T or F: a throat culture should be obtained from a child with suspected epiglottitis

A

FALSE; do not insert ANYTHING into mouth as this could result in loss of airway

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21
Q

Epiglottitis treatment

A

Secure airway through intubation, antibiotics, corticosteroids

22
Q

Epiglottitis nursing consideration

A

Do not lay patient supine as this can worsen symptoms

23
Q

Acute laryngotracheobronchitis is also referred to as

A

Croup

24
Q

Inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchioles

A

Croup

25
Q

Hallmark signs of croup

A

Barking cough, inspiratory stridor (high-pitched sound that occurs when there is narrowing of airway)

26
Q

Treatment for croup

A

Nebulized epinephrine, corticosteroids, intubation (in severe cases)

27
Q

Bronchiolitis is caused by

A

RSV

28
Q

RSV, pertussis (whooping cough), and influenza are spread through

A

Droplets

29
Q

S/S of pertussis

A

Low-grade fever, rapid coughing, followed by high-pitched inhalation with a characteristic “whoop” sound

30
Q

A pause in breathing in a premature infant (born before 37 weeks gestation) caused by immature respiratory control centers in the medulla

A

Apnea of prematurity

31
Q

With apnea of prematurity, the pause in breathing will last more than ___ seconds, or there may be a shorter period of apnea that occurs with _________ and _________

A

20; bradycardia, oxygen desaturation

32
Q

Apnea of prematurity treatment

A

Theophylline, caffeine, CPAP

33
Q

Apnea of prematurity nursing care

A

Stimulate baby during periods of apnea, perform car seat challenge prior to discharge (place baby in car seat and observe for s/s of apnea of prematurity)

34
Q

Breathing disorder primarily found in premature infants that causes the abnormal development of lung tissues

A

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

35
Q

BPD risk factors

A

Prematurity, LBW, mechanical ventilation/high levels of O2

36
Q

S/S of BPD

A

Pulmonary distress — grunting, nasal flaring, subcostal retractions, tachypnea, cyanosis; difficulty feeding, apnea

37
Q

BPD treatment

A

CPAP, O2, diuretics, bronchodilators, corticosteroids

38
Q

BPD nursing care

A

Small frequent feedings, increase calorie and protein intake using human milk fortifiers

39
Q

Breathing disorder caused by immature lungs due to lack of surfactant

A

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

40
Q

RDS risk factors

A

Prematurity, maternal infection or diabetes

41
Q

RDS S/S

A

Respiratory distress symptoms, difficulty feeding

42
Q

If mom gets an amniocentesis prior to delivery, and the LS ratio in amniotic fluid is under ___:___, then that is indicative of immature lungs

A

2:1

43
Q

RDS treatment

A

Artificial surfactant, O2, CPAP, mechanical ventilation (if necessary)

44
Q

Restlessness, agitation, and symptoms of dyspnea are _____ signs of respiratory distress

A

Early

45
Q

Decreased LOC, bradypnea, bradycardia, and cyanosis are signs of

A

LATE respiratory distress or respiratory failure

46
Q

Labs associated with respiratory distress/failure

A

Decreased PaO2, increased PCO2, decreased SpO2 (<95%)

47
Q

Nursing interventions for respiratory distress/failure

A

Secure airway, provide O2, apply CPAP or BIPAP, mechanical ventilation, CPR

48
Q

Sudden onset of breathing difficulty, color changes such as pallor or cyanosis, change in muscle tone, or decreased level of responsiveness

A

Brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE) and Apparent Life-Threatening Event (ALTE)

49
Q

BRUE risk factors

A

Previous BRUE, prematurity, infants <2 months

50
Q

BRUE patient education

A

Safe sleep guidelines, avoid infant exposure to smoke, CPR training

51
Q

The unexplained and unexpected death of an infant under 12 months of age

A

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

52
Q

Prevention of SIDS

A

Sleep safety, pacifier use and breastfeeding, no smoke exposure during pregnancy and after birth, prenatal care during pregnancy, routine health check ups and immunizations for baby

NCLEX: Pediatric (4 decks)

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