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NCLEX: Pediatric > Principles And Normal Growth And Development > Flashcards

Principles And Normal Growth And Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Strict parenting style with inflexible rules and little communication with child

A

Authoritarian

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2
Q

The ideal parenting style with flexible rules and open communication with the child

A

Authoritative

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3
Q

Parenting style with minimal rules (little control) and lots of warmth; parent might consider their child as more of a friend

A

Permissive

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4
Q

Parenting style with minimal rules and and communication creating a more neglectful environment

A

Indifferent/passive

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5
Q

From birth to age 2, children are at high risk for _________ based on piagets sensorimotor stage of cognitive development

A

Choking

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6
Q

Examples of foods that are choking hazards for children

A

Anything round or requiring lots of mastication: hot dogs (cut into quarters), nuts/seeds, chunks of meat or cheese, peanut butter, raw vegetables, whole grapes, hard or sticky candy, popcorn, chewing gum

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7
Q

S/S of choking in the pediatric population

A

Wheezing, stridor (high-pitched gasp), coughing, dyspnea, clutching of neck with hands, inability to speak, cyanosis

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8
Q

Interventions for choking for children less than one year old

A

Back blows and chest thrusts

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9
Q

Interventions for choking for children over the age of one year

A

Abdominal thrusts

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10
Q

If a child is choking and becomes unconscious, perform _____

A

CPR

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11
Q

Multiple injuries in different phases of healing, bruises (cheek, neck, genitals, buttocks, back), bruises in shape of causative object, burns in the shape of an object/immersion burn, and spiral fractures are examples of

A

Physical abuse

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12
Q

Signs of shaken-baby syndrome, a type of physical abuse

A

Poor feeding, irritability, lethargy, vomiting, seizures, periods of apnea, retinal hemorrhage

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13
Q

Extreme behavior and delayed physical/emotional development are signs of

A

Emotional abuse

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14
Q

Difficulty walking or sitting, advanced understanding or sexual behavior for age, STIs, frequent UTIs, and new onset nocturnal enuresis (bed-wetting at night) are signs of

A

Sexual abuse

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15
Q

Frequent absences from school, begging for food or stealing, unclean clothes, excessive body odor, poor dental health, and inappropriate attire for weather are signs of

A

Neglect

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16
Q

A child less than the ___th percentile or greater than the ___th percentile needs further investigation

A

5; 95

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17
Q

Normal temperature for infants and children

A

97.4-99.6 F (36.3-37.6. C)

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18
Q

Normal pulse range for infants and children

A

Infants: 100-160 bpm
Children 70-120 bpm

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19
Q

Normal respirations for infants and children

A

Infants: 30-60 breaths/min
Children: 20-30 breaths/min

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20
Q

Normal blood pressure in infants and children

A

Infants: 65-90/45-65
Children: 90-110/55-75

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21
Q

The FLACC scale is used for children between the ages of 2 months and 7 years and assesses

A

Face, legs, activity, cry, consolability

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22
Q

The faces scale is compromised of 6 drawings of faces to rate pain from a scale of 0 to 5 and is used in children greater than or equal to ___ years old

A

3

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23
Q

The numeric pain scale can be used for children greater than or equal to ___ years old

A

8

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24
Q

The only vaccination given at birth is

A

HBV

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25
Q

There are three shots given for HBV. When are these shots given?

A

At birth, two months of age, and 6 months of age

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26
Q

MMR and varicella aren’t given until children are at least ___ months of age

A

12

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27
Q

Season influenza vaccine should be given beginning at ___ months of age

A

6

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28
Q

Age groups for meningococcal vaccine

A

11-12; 16 years of age

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29
Q

HPV vaccine is given ideally around 11-12 years old and helps to prevent

A

Cancer

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30
Q

Contraindications for live virus vaccines

A

Children less than 1 year old, immunocompromised or pregnant patients

31
Q

Contraindication for HBV and HPV vaccine

A

Yeast allergy

32
Q

Contraindication for rotavirus vaccine

A

History of intussusception

33
Q

An allergy to streptomycin, polymyxin B, or neomycin is contraindicated for receiving which vaccine?

A

Polio vaccine

34
Q

_________ allergy is a contraindication of MMR and varicella vaccination

A

Neomycin

35
Q

Vaccination site for children less than 12 months of age

A

Vastus lateralis

36
Q

It isn’t until the age of ___ that children begin to understand the permanence of death

A

6

37
Q

Preschooler concept of death

A

May view death as temporary, may believe their thoughts or actions caused the death, may exhibit behaviors of regression

38
Q

How should the nurse instruct a parent to measure liquid medication for their child?

A

With a calibrated measurement device and at eye-level

39
Q

An infant should double their birth weight by the time they are ___-___ months old

A

4-6

40
Q

At one year old, the infant should have _________ their birth weight

A

Tripled

41
Q

Closure of posterior fontanel

A

6-8 weeks

42
Q

Closure of anterior fontanel

A

12-18 months

43
Q

When does an infant first erupt their first tooth?

A

6 months (starting with bottom teeth first)

44
Q

All baby teeth should be grown in by age ___

A

3

45
Q

Infants should have head control by ___ months of age

A

4

46
Q

An infant should be able to sit up unsupported by ___ months of age

A

8

47
Q

Between 8-10 months, infants begin to

A

Crawl/creep

48
Q

An infant should be able to pull to a standing position or sitting position by ___ months of age

A

10

49
Q

Between ___-___ months, infants should be able to stand alone and sit down from standing

A

10-12

50
Q

Between ___-___ months, infants should be able to hold a bottle

A

4-6

51
Q

The pincer grasp develops between ___-___ months

A

8-10

52
Q

The nurse should educate new parents to avoid supplemental water until the infant is at least ___ months of age

A

6

53
Q

Honey and milk should not be given to infants until what age?

A

1 year

54
Q

Solids can be introduced between ___-___ months

A

4-6

55
Q

What is one of the first foods infants should receive?

A

Iron-fortified rice cereal

56
Q

Infant sleep safety (ABC)

A

Alone, on Back, in Crib

57
Q

Vaccinations through infancy

A

Birth: vitamin K, HBV
2 months: HBV, DTaP, Rotavirus, HIB, IPV (Polio), PCV (pneumonia) (remember: B Dr. HIP)
4 months: DTaP, Rotavirus, HIB, IPV, PCV (remember: Dr HIP)
6 months: same as 2 months (Dr. HIP) in addition to seasonal flu shot

58
Q

Toddlers should be able to walk without help by ___ months

A

15

59
Q

By ___ years old, toddlers should be able to kick a ball

A

2

60
Q

Toddler (ages 1-3) vaccinations

A

6-18 mo: HBV (third dose), IPV
12-15 mo: MMR, varicella
12-23 mo: HAV
15-18 mo: DTaP
1-3 yr: seasonal influenza vaccine annually

61
Q

What type of play do infants engage in?

A

Solitary

62
Q

What type of play do toddlers engage in?

A

Parallel

63
Q

By age ___, preschoolers should be able to use scissors

A

4

64
Q

What kind of play do preschoolers engage in?

A

Associative

65
Q

What are all the vaccines a preschoolers ages 4-6 should receive?

A

Varicella, DTaP, IPV, MMR

66
Q

What kind of play do school-age children engage in?

A

Cooperative

67
Q

School-age vaccinations

A

Annual flu shot, TdaP, meningitis, HPV (2 doses)

68
Q

Around what age do a child’s permanent teeth erupt?

A

Approximately 6 years old

69
Q

Growth spurt timing for girls in adolescence

A

9.5-14.5 years old

70
Q

Growth spurt timing for boys in adolescence

A

10.5-16 years old

71
Q

What is the first maturational change in girls?

A

Development of breast buds

72
Q

What is the first maturational change in boys?

A

Testicular enlargement

73
Q

The belief of invincibility in adolescents places this population at risk for

A

Injury

74
Q

Adolescent vaccinations

A

Season flu vaccine, meningitis shot (2nd dose at 16), meningitis B (between 16-18 years old)

NCLEX: Pediatric (4 decks)

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