Integumentary System Flashcards
Blue-gray discoloration present at birth or shortly thereafter
Congenital dermal melanocytosis (slate gray nevus) — previously referred to as Mongolian spots
Congenital dermal melanocytosis is more common in
Black, Asian, and Hispanic populations
S/S of congenital dermal melanocytosis
Multiple blue-gray lesions on the lower back or buttocks, not itchy or painful; these lesions can be mistaken for bruises and abuse, but they are harmless and fade over time without treatment
Common type of seborrheic dermatitis that affects the scalp of an infant, thought to be caused by overactive sebaceous glands and/or the presence of malassezia (type of yeast found on skin)
Cradle cap
S/S of cradle cap
Scaly, greasy yellow patches that do not come off easily. Patches are not itchy or painful and typically resolve on its own
Interventions to soften and remove scales associated with cradle cap
Apply emollient such as baby oil to area, let it sit, use a soft toothbrush or cradle cap comb to gently remove scales; wash baby’s hair daily with mild baby shampoo; topical antifungal or steroid may be prescribed for extensive cases
S/S of thrush
- Oral: Yellow or white plaques on tongue or mucous membranes that cannot be scraped off
- diaper/vaginal area: red, painful, itchy rash with satellite lesions, thick white cottage cheese discharge
Thrush treatment
- Antifungals such as nystatin
- infants: paint med on tongue and mouth using a special sponge applicator. If the infant is breastfed, treat both mom and baby at the same time as this infection can be passed back and forth
- diaper region: topical antifungal cream, keep area as dry as possible, let baby go without a diaper periodically
Bacterial infection caused by staphylococcus aureus that affects the epidermis and is highly contagious through contact with an infected individual
Impetigo
S/S of impetigo
Starts as vesicles or pustules that then rupture and form a honey-colored crust, affecting the skin mainly around the mouth and nose, but can present on the arms and legs as well
Impetigo treatment
- Topical antibiotic such as mupirocin if only a few lesions are present (note: gently remove crust with soap and water prior to applying ointment)
- if there are numerous lesions, systemic antibiotics will be necessary
Impetigo family teaching
Child should avoid other children during an active outbreak, cover sores with bandages to prevent spread, good hand hygiene, wash towels, linens and clothes that may have come in contact with infected fluid
Topical agents used in the treatment of acne
Retinoids such as tretinoin, topical antibiotics such as Clindamycin, and benzoyl peroxide (note: benzoyl peroxide has a bleaching effect on sheets, towels, and clothes)
Systemic agents used in the treatment of acne
Antibiotics such as doxycycline, Isotretinoin (Accutane), oral contraceptives
Isotretinoin patient education
Teratogenic, effective birth control is essential, provide two negative pregnancy tests prior to therapy, provide negative pregnancy test every month during therapy
Diaper dermatitis (diaper rash) risk factors
Moisture, friction, and contact with urine and stool — infrequent diaper changes — loose stool
S/S of diaper rash
Erythema and painful lesions in the diaper area
Diaper rash treatment
Keep area as clean and dry as possible, change diapers frequently, ultra-absorbent diapers should be used, clean diaper area with mild cleanser and water or with wipes that do not contain alcohol, apply barrier cream such as zinc oxide based ointment should be applied to clean, dry skin, allow child to go without a diaper periodically, steroid cream or antifungal with severe dermatitis
