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NCLEX: Pediatric > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

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1
Q

Transmission of chicken pox (varicella zoster)

A

Airborn and direct contact (incubation period of approximately 2 weeks)

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2
Q

S/S of chicken pox

A

Fever, muscle aches, decreased appetite, vesicular rash

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3
Q

Chicken pox nursing care

A

Implement airborne and contact precautions until all lesions are dry and crusted over, advise caregiver to keep child’s nails short or apply gloves to prevent scratching of rash

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4
Q

Viral infection caused by parvovirus B19 and is spread through respiratory droplets with an incubation period of 5-10 days

A

Erythema infectiosum (fifth’s disease)

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5
Q

S/S of fifth’s disease

A

Fever, malaise, slapped-cheek rash, maculopapular rash on trunk

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6
Q

Viral infection caused by human herpesvirus 6 and is transmitted primarily though saliva with an incubation period of 9-10 days

A

Roseola

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7
Q

S/S of roseola

A

High fever, pink maculopapular rash on trunk that spreads to face and extremities

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8
Q

Roseola family education

A

Monitor for febrile seizures

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9
Q

Highly contagious viral illness spread through airborne route with incubation period of 7-18 days

A

Measles (Rubeola)

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10
Q

S/S of measles

A
  • initial: fever, dry cough, runny nose, red water eyes
  • later: koplik spots (small white spots in mouth), maculopapular rash on face that spread to rest of body
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11
Q

Measles nursing care

A

Implement airborne precautions and continue those precautions for four days after resolution of rash

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12
Q

Contagious viral illness spread through respiratory droplets with an incubation period of 12-23 days

A

Rubella

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13
Q

S/S of rubella

A

Low-grade fever and malaise, followed by rash that starts on face and neck and spreads to rest of body

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14
Q

Rubella nursing care

A

Initiate droplet precautions, limit child’s contact with pregnant women because maternal infection can spread to developing fetus

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15
Q

Contagious viral illness spread through respiratory droplets with an incubation period of 7-21 days

A

Mumps

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16
Q

S/S of mumps

A

Fever, headache, anorexia, swelling of testes and parotid glands

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17
Q

Mumps nursing care

A

Implement droplet precautions, use warm of cool compresses for neck pain, cold compresses and elevation for testicular pain, monitor for complications such as hearing loss, meningitis, and encephalitis

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18
Q

Measles, rubella, and mumps prevention

A

MMR vaccine

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19
Q

Viral illness caused by coxsackievirus and is spread through contact with respiratory secretions and stool of an infection child. The incubation period is between 3-5 days and

A

Hand-foot-mouth disease

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20
Q

S/S of hand-foot-mouth disease

A

Malaise, low-grade fever, anorexia, non-pruritic vesicular rash on that hands, feet, and around the mouth, painful mouth sores

21
Q

Hand-foot-mouth disease nursing care

A

Encourage increased fluid intake and soft foods to avoid hurting mouth sores

22
Q

Communicable disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus

A

Mononucleosis (“kissing disease”)

23
Q

S/S of mono

A

Fever, sore throat, extreme fatigue, lymphadenopathy, skin rash, splenomegaly

24
Q

Labs associated with mono

A

Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus, elevated WBCs, presence of atypical lymphocytes, elevated liver enzymes

25
Q

Mono family education

A

Avoid contact sports due to risk of rupturing spleen

26
Q

Most common intraocular cancer in childhood caused by a gene mutation that causes the cells in the retina to grow out of control and is most common in children under the age of 3

A

Retinoblastoma

27
Q

S/S of retinoblastoma

A

Leukocoria (whitening of pupil), strabismus (lazy eye), vision issues, eye pain, swelling, and redness

28
Q

Retinoblastoma treatment

A

Chemotherapy, cryotherapy, radiation, laser therapy, enucleation (surgical removal of eye)

29
Q

Cancer of the sympathetic nervous system frequently found in the adrenal gland and is most common in children under the age of 5

A

Neuroblastoma

30
Q

S/S of neuroblastoma

A
  • early: vague; fever, fatigue, decreased appetite, weight loss
  • late: lump or swelling in abdomen, bone pain
31
Q

Most common renal cancer of childhood primarily affecting children under the age of 5

A

Nephroblastoma (Wilm’s tumor)

32
Q

S/S of wilm’s tumor

A

Firm, painless mass in abdomen located toward flank, fever, fatigue, hypertension, hematuria

33
Q

Wilm’s tumor nursing consideration

A

DO NOT palpate the mass in abdomen — can lead to metastasis of cancer

34
Q

Key risk factors for testicular cancer

A

Cryptorchidism, family hx, white males

35
Q

Most common symptom of testicular cancer

A

Painless lump or swelling in the testicle

36
Q

Testicular cancer treatment

A

Radical orchiectomy (surgical removal of testical), chemotherapy, radiation

37
Q

Testicular cancer family education

A

Advise patient to consider banking sperm d/t increased risk of infertility, perform monthly testicular self-exams (best performed in or just after shower)

38
Q

Most common type of pediatric bone cancer typically occurring at the end of a long bone in the arm or leg (common sites include lower part of femur or upper part of tibia)

A

Osteosarcoma

39
Q

The risk for osteosarcoma is greatest during

A

Teenage growth spurts

40
Q

S/S of osteosarcoma

A

Bone pain, swelling in area, fractures, limp when walking, decreased ROM

41
Q

Surgical treatment for osteosarcoma

A

Limb-salvage (removal of tumor and limb is reconstructed using an internal prosthetic device)

42
Q

Most common pediatric cancer that causes overgrowth of abnormal and immature WBCs in bone marrow which prevents the growth of RBCs, platelets, and normal WBCs

A

Leukemia

43
Q

S/S of leukemia

A
  • d/t decreased RBC, S/S of anemia: pallor, fatigue, SOB
  • d/t decreased platelets, S/S include: bleeding and abnormal bruising
  • d/t decreased normal WBCs, S/S include: fever, frequent infections
  • other: joint and bone pain, decreased appetite
44
Q

Labs associated with leukemia

A

Decreased RBCs and platelets, increased blasts (immature WBCs)

45
Q

Leukemia nursing care

A

Prevent infection d/t neutropenia, prevent bleeding d/t thrombocytopenia

46
Q

Cancer of the lymphatic system

A

Lymphoma (Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s)

47
Q

Compare Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A
  • Hodgkin’s: less common, presence of reed-sternberg cells, typically starts in lymph nodes of chest, neck, or armpits and spreads in a predictable way, easier to treat
  • Non-Hodgkin’s: more common, NO reed-sternberg cells, may arise in various parts of body, harder to detect and treat
48
Q

S/S of lymphoma

A

Fever, night sweats, fatigue, SOB, decreased appetite, weight loss

NCLEX: Pediatric (11 decks)

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