Reproductive System

Question 1

Enlargement of the male breasts that is very common in puberty and usually self-resolves in 1-3 years

Answer 1

Gynecomastia

Question 2

What can cause gynecomastia?

Answer 2

Hormonal imbalance, recreational drugs like anabolic steroids, medications such as spironolactone and ketoconazole

Question 3

Deviation of newborn genitalia from how male and female organs typically appear due to hormonal imbalance or a genetic defect that affects the development of sex organs in the fetus during pregnancy

Answer 3

Ambiguous genitalia or disorder of sexual development (DSD)

Question 4

S/S of DSD

Answer 4

Genetic females: enlarged clitoris, labia that resemble scrotum
Genetic males: very small penis, crytporchidism (one or both testicles fail to descend), Hypospadias

Question 5

The absence of one or both testicles from the scrotum

Answer 5

Cryptorchidism

Question 6

Cryptorchidism risk factors

Answer 6

Prematurity, LBW

Question 7

Treatment for Cryptorchidism

Answer 7

Orchiopexy — moves testicle into scrotum (typically done between 6-18 mo of age)

Question 8

Cryptorchidism places the individual at risk for

Answer 8

Infertility, testicular cancer

Question 9

S/S of testicular torsion

Answer 9

Abrupt onset of severe unilateral testicular pain, swelling, N/V, inguinal pain

Question 10

Causes of epididymitis

Answer 10

Bacterial infection, trauma

Question 11

Risk factors for epididymitis

Answer 11

STIs, UTIs

Question 12

S/S of epididymitis

Answer 12

Gradual onset of unilateral scrotal pain, swelling, tenderness on palpation, dysuria, discharge from urethra

Question 13

Most common cause of decreased sperm count and motility

Answer 13

Varicocele

Question 14

Varicocele S/S

Answer 14

Asymptomatic; dull ache or feeling of heaviness in scrotum, describe scrotum of feeling like a bag of worms

Question 15

_________ is where an uncircumcised individual has excessively tight foreskin that is difficult to retract

Answer 15

Phimosis

Question 16

_________ phimosis is an expected finding in babies and young boys and is self-resolving. Treatment is typically not needed

Answer 16

Physiologic

Question 17

_________ phimosis is caused by scarring, inflammation, or infection

Answer 17

Pathological

Question 18

S/S of pathological phimosis

Answer 18

Ballooning of foreskin during urination, painful urination, skin irritation and bleeding

Question 19

Physiological phimosis family education

Answer 19

Gentle retraction of foreskin with bathing and urination can help it become more retractable, DO NOT force retraction (can lead to microtears, infection, and paraphimosis — foreskin becomes stuck behind head of penis impairing blood flow to tip)