RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards
BOYLE’S LAW
INVERSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRESSURE AND VOLUME
WHEN VOLUME DECREASES, PRESSURE INCREASES
GASES MOVE BASED ON PRESSURE GRADIENTS - HIGHT TO LOW
MECHANICS OF GETTING AIR INTO LUNGS
CONTRACTION OF DIAPHRAGM CREATES A PARTIAL VACUUM, CAUSING AIR TO FLOW INTO THE LUNGS
WHEN THE DIAPHRAGM RELAXES, LUNG VOLUME DECREASES - INCREASING THE PRESSURE, SO AIR FLOWS OUT OF THE LUNGS WHERE THERE IS LESS AIR PRESSURE
MUSCLES INVOLVED WITH BREATHING
DIAPHRAGM AND EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES
EXPIRATION - PASSIVE AND RELIES ON RELAXATION OF MUSCLES
FORCED BREATHING - MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS
HENRY’S LAW
AMOUNT OF A DISSOLVED GAS IN A LIQUID IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO ITS PARTIAL PRESSURE ABOVE THE LIQUID
INCREASING THE EXTERNAL PRESSURE WILL FORCE MORE GAS INTO THE LIQUID
EX - GETTING GASES OUT IN/OUT OF A SOLUTION (BLOOD) DEPENDS ON PARTIALL PRESSURE OF THE GASES (O2/CO2)
ALVEOLAR CELLS
TYPE 1 - (PNEUMOCYTES) SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL, 97% OF ALVEOLAR SURFACE AREA
TYPE 2 - (PNEUMOCYTES) SECRETE PULMONARY SURFACTANT, COMPOSED OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND PROTEINS, AND DECREASES SURFACE TENSION ALVEOLI
ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES - PHAGOCYTIC CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM THAT REMOVE DEBRIS AND PATHOGENS THAT HAVE REACHED THE ALVEOLI
GROSS ANATOMY - PATH OF AIR
LARYNX
TRACHEA
PRIMARY BRONCHI
SECONDARY BRONCHI
TERTIARY BRONCHI
BRONCHIOLES
TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES
RESPIRATORY BRONCIOLES
EXTERNAL V INTERNAL GAS EXCHANGE
EXTERNAL - TRANSFER OF GASES THAT OCCURS BETWEEN ALVEOLI AND THE BLOOD IN THE PULMONARY CAPILLARIES
INTERNAL - REFERS TO THE EXCHANGE OF CO2 AND 02 BETWEEN THE CELLS OF OUR BODY AND THE BLOOD OF OUR SYSTEMIC CAPILLARIES
BREATHING CONTROL
INVOLUNTARY PROCESS CONTROLLED BY THE PONS AND THE MEDULLA
MEDULLARY RHYTHMICITY AREA IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SETTING THE BASELINE BREATHING RATE
APNEUSTIC VENTER - SENDS SIGNALS TO PROMOTE INSPIRATION (BREATHING RATE INCREASE)
PNEUMOTAXIC CENTER - INHIBITORY AND PREVENTS OVER-INFLATION OF THE LUNGS
CO2 CARRIED IN BLOOD
AS BICARBONATE (H+ + HC3O2-)
O2 CARRIED IN BLOOD
CARRIED BY HEMOGLOBIN (HbO2)
WHAT EFFECT WILL HYPERVENTILATION HAVE ON BLOOD pH?
pH WILL INCREASE - DUE TO THE INCREASE IN CO2 REMOVAL
