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ANATOMY&PHYS II > LYMPHATIC SYSTEM > Flashcards

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

WHICH CELLS ARE IMPORTANT TO THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

MACROPHAGES

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2
Q

WHICH CELLS WOULD BE MOST ACTIVE IN EARLY, ANTIVIRAL IMMUNE RESPONSES THE FRIST TIME ONE IS EXPOSED TO A PATHOGEN

A

NATURAL KILLER CELLS

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3
Q

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

A

SYSTEM OF CELLS, VESSELS AND ORGANS THAT CARRIES EXCESS FLUIDS TO THE BLOODSTREAM AND FILTERS PATHOGENS FROM BLOOD

FUNCTION:
REMOVAL OF INTERSTITIAL FLUID
ABSORBS/TRANSPORTS FATTY ACIDS/FATS AS CHYLE FROM DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
TRANSPORTS WBS TO LYMPH NODES
LYMPH TRANSPORTS ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS (EX-DENDRITIC CELLS) TO LYMPH NODES WHERE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE IS STIMULATED

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4
Q

IMMUNE SYSTEM

A

COMPLEX COLLECTION OF CELLS AND ORGANS THAT DESTROYS/NEUTRALIZES PATHOGENS THAT WOULD OTHERWISE CAUSE DISEASE OR DEATH

3 STAGES:
BARRIER DEFENSE
INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSERIGH

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5
Q

RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT

A

RECEIVES FROM ONLY UPPER RIGHT SIDE OF THE BODY

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6
Q

THORACIC DUCT

A

RECEIVES LYMPH FROM THE REST OF THE BODY

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7
Q

PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGANS

A

RED BONE MARROW

THYMUS GLAND

THESE ARE WHERE LYMPHOCYTES MATURE, PROLIFERATE AND ARE SELECTED

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8
Q

LYMPHOCYTES

A

PRIMARY CELLS OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE:
B CELLS - PRODUCE ANTIBODIES

PLASMA VELLS - SECRETE SOLUBLE ANTIBODIES

T CELLS - SEARCH AND DESTROY, HELPERS

NATURAL KILLER CELLS - AMONG FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE AGAINST VIRUSES AND SOME CANCER

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9
Q

LYMPH NODES

A

SECONDARY LYMPHATIC ORGANS

LYMPH ENTERS VIA AFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSELS

LYMPH EXITS VIA EFFERENT VESSELS

B CELLS - FOUND IN OUTER CORTEX
T CELLS - FOUND IN INNER CORTEX
MEDULLA - PLASMA CELLS AND MACROPHAGES

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10
Q

SPLEEN

A

SECONDARY LYMPH ORGAN

PRIMARILY ACTS AS A BLOOD FILTER THAT REMOVES OLD RBCs AND RECYCLES IRON

RESERVOIR FOR PLATELETS, RBCs, MONOCYTES (RED PULP)

ADAPTIVE T AND B CELL RESPONSES ARE MOUNTED (WHITE PULP)

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11
Q

MALT

A

MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE

DIFFUSE SYSTEM OF SMALL CONCENTRATIONS OF LYMPHOID TISSUE FOUND IN VARIOUS SUBMUCOSAL MEMBRANE SITES OF THE BODY - POPULATED BY LYMPHOCYTES

SITUATED TO ENCOUNTER ANTIGENS PASSING THROUGH MUCOSAL EPITHELIUM - IMMUNE SURVAILLANCE

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12
Q

INNATE VS ADAPTIVE

A

INNATE - RELATIVELY RAPID BUT NONSPECIFIC RESPONSE

PHAGOCYTES: NEUTROPHILS, MACROPHAGES, MONOCYTES
GRANULAR LEUKOCYTES: BASOPHILS, EOSINOPHILS
LYMPHOCYTES: NATURAL KILLER CELLS

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13
Q

NEUTROPHILS

A

-PHAGOCYTIC GRANULOCYTE
-MOST ABUNDANT
-FIRST RESPONDER TO INJURY AND INFECTION
-RELEASE TOXIC GRANULES CONTAINING ENZYMES AND CHEM AGENTS, RAPIDLY CONSUMES INVADERS
-DOES NOT RETURN TO BLOOD - DEATH

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14
Q

EOSINOPHILS

A

-GRANULOCYTE
-CRUCIAL PART IN KILLING OF PARASITES BC GRANULES CONTAIN UNIQUE TOXIC PROTEIN AND CATIONIC PROTEIN

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15
Q

BASOPHILS

A
  • GRANULOCYTE
    -LEAST ABUNDANT, LARGEST WBC
    -PRODUCE COMPOUNDS THAT COORDINATE IMMUNE RESPONSES (HISTAMINE, SEROTONIN) THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION, AND HEPARIN THAT PREVENTS BLOOD FROM CLOTTING
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16
Q

MAST CELLS

A

GRANULAR CELLS THAT PLAY A ROLE IN ALLERGIES AND ANAPHYLAXIS IN BOTH INNATE AND ADAPTIVE RESPONSES

17
Q

MONOCYTES

A

NONGRANULAR LEUKOCYTES THAT CIRC IN BLOOD BEFORE DIFFERENTIATING INTO EITHER MACROPHAGES OR DENDRITIC CELLS

18
Q

MACROPHAGES

A

ENGULF AND DIGEST PATHOGENS

19
Q

DENDRITIC CELLS

A

ACT AS A BRIDGE BETWEEN INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE BC THE PROCESS ANTIGEN MATERIAL AND PRESENT IT ON THE CELL SURFACE TO T CELLS

20
Q

NATURAL KILLER CELLS

A

CYTOTOXIC LYMPHOCYTE - RELEASE ENZYMES AND CHEMICALS THAT DIRECTLY KILL BACTERIA OR OTHER TARGETED CELLS

RELEASE PERFORIN - FORM CHANNELS IN THE TARGET CELL’S MEMBRANE ALLOWING FOR THE PASSIVE ENTRY OF GRANZYMES AND CALCIUM (PROMOTES CELL DEATH)

CAN BE ACTIVATED BY ANTIBODIES THAT HAVE A BOUND ANTIGEN - ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE

21
Q

COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

A

COMPONENT OF INNATE IMMUNITY THAT CONSISTS OF OVER 30 PROTEIN/PROTEIN FRAGMENTS THAT CIRCULATE IN BLOOD

CAN BE ACTIVATED BY ANTIBODIES TO MARK PATHOGENS AND CAUSE OPSONIZATION (SIGNAL PHAGOCYTE TO INGEST)

CLASSICAL PATHWAY AND ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY - CONVERGE ON MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX

22
Q

CLASSICAL PATHWAY

A

PART OF THE ADAPTIVE RESPONSE WHERE ANTIBODIES BIND TO ANTIGENS AND THIS COMPLEX BINDS TO C1 - WHICH ACTIVATES C3 PROTEIN

23
Q

ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY

A

PART OF THE INNATE RESPONSE WHERE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN LIPID-CARB COMPLEXES ON MICROBES AND COMPLEMENT FACTORS B, D, AND P ACTIVATE C3

24
Q

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

A

DEFENDS AGAINST SPECIFIC ANTIGENS IN A SPECIFIC WAY

NON-ANTIBODY PRODUCING: APC’s (ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS)
LYMPHOCYTES: B CELLS, T CELLS, NATURAL KILLER CELLS

25
Q

ANTIBODY-MEDIATED IMMUNITY

A

PART OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

FORMS ITS DEFENSE AGAINST PATHOGENS PRESENT IN EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS OF BODY

CONTOLLED BY B CELLS THAT PRODUCE ANTIBODIES THAT BIND TO ANTIGENS RENDERING THEM HARMLESS

26
Q

CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

A

PART OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

ATTACKS PATHOGENS THAT HAVE INVADED CELLS OF THE BODY

CONTROLLED BY T CELLS THAT REACT TO ANTIGENS PRESENT ON SURFACE OF INFECTED CELL TRIGGERING THEIR DESTRUCTION

27
Q

MHC MOLECULE

A

MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX - IS LARGE MOLECULE FOUND ON PLASMA MEMBRANES WHERE ANTIGENS ARE DISPLAYED ON THE MHC TO FLAG THE CELL AS INFECTED AND ALLOW IMMUNE CELLS TO REACT

CLASS I - FOUND ON EVERY CELL IN BODY EXCEPT RBC, PRESENT ANTIGENS TO T CELLS

CLASS II - ONLY FOUND ON B CELLS, MACROPHAGES; PRESENT ANTIGENS TO HELPER T CELLST

28
Q

T CELL SELECTION

A

POSITIVE SELECTION - CHECKING TO SEE IF THE THYMOCYTE (DEVELOPING T CELL) IS “ARMED” WITH 2 RECEPTORS

NEGATIVE SELECTION - DETERMINES IF T CELL IS DANGER TO ITSELF: IF ANTIGENS FROM OTHER BODY CELLS BIND TO IT (IF THEY DO NOT = SAFE, IF ANY DO = NOT SAFE AND CELL DEATH)

29
Q

CLONAL SELECTION

A

OCCURS IN SECONDARY LYMPHOID TISSUE AND IS THE PROCESS OF MULTIPLICATION OF IMMUNE CELLS THAT RESPOND TO SPECIFIC ANTIGENS

PRODUCES: EFFECTOR CELLS AND MEMORY CELLS

30
Q

EFFECTOR CELLS

A

IMMEDIATELY FIGHTING INFECTION (B CELLS THAT SECRETE ANTIBODIES)

31
Q

MEMORY CELLS

A

DO NOT TAKE PART IN INITIAL IMMUNE RESPONSE, BUT REMAIN IN CIRCULATION AFTER INFECTION IS OVER TO PERMIT MORE EFFICIENT REACTION NEXT TIME

32
Q

NATURAL KILLER CELLS

A

FIRST LYMPHOCYTES TO REACT TO AN INFECTION AND ARE ACTIVATED BY INTERFERONS OR CYTOKINES

33
Q

EPITOPES

A

SMALL IMMUNOLOGICALLY ACTIVE REGIONS OF AN ANTIGEN, BIND TO ANTIGEN SPECIFIC MEMBRANE THAT HELP ILICIT AN IMMUNE RESPONSE

34
Q

HIV

A

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS - ONLY VIRUS TO WIPE OUT IMMUNE SYSTEM COMPLETELY

USES CD4 AS THE RECEPTOR TO GET INTO CELLS - RECEPTOR NEEDED TO PLAY IMPORTANT ROLE IN T CELL IMMUNE RESPONSE AND ANTIBODY RESPONSE

ANATOMY&PHYS II (6 decks)

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