Respiratory System

Question 1

Describe the respiratory movements of ribs (pump and bucket handle)

Answer 1

-pump: elevation of ribs causes an increase in anterolateral-posterior diameter of thoracic cavity

-bucket: elevation of ribs causes an increase in lateral diameter of thoracic cavity

Question 2

Structures in lower respiratory system

Answer 2

Trachea and bronchial tree, lungs and pleural membranes, alveoli

Question 3

Conductive vs respiratory zone

Answer 3

Conductive: everything that looks like a pipe, no gas exchange

Respiratory: where gas exchange occurs

Question 4

4 cartilages of larynx and functions

Answer 4

-epiglottic: close and open larynx
-thyroid: keep airways open for air to pass through
-arytenoid: vocal chords attach here, allow us to speak
-cricoid: keep airways open

Question 5

What are the 2 layers of pleura and the other structures

Answer 5

-Visceral (attached to lung)
-Parietal (attached to thorax)
-Potential/pleural cavity (between layers)
-Serous fluid (between layers)

Question 6

What are the different names for the parietal pleura? What innervates each?

Answer 6

-costal and cervical: intercostal nerves
-diaphragmatic and mediastinal: phrenic nerve

Question 7

What does visceral pleura detect?

Answer 7

Stretch

Question 8

What is a pleural recess? Purpose?

Answer 8

Two layers of parietal pleura face each other with no visceral pleura

Accommodate the lungs expansion during forced inspiration

Question 9

What are the L and R retroesophageal recesses formed by?

Answer 9

Reflection of mediastinal pleura supporting the esophagus

Question 10

Where is the infracardiac recess found?

Answer 10

Right pleural sac, inferior to the heart

Question 11

Where is the costodiaphragmatic recess found?

Answer 11

Between ribs 8 and 10

Question 12

Where is the costomediastinal recess found?

Answer 12

Cardiac notch on L side, intercostal spaces 4 and 5

Question 13

What structures pass through the hilum?

Answer 13

-pulmonary artery
-2 pulmonary veins
-main bronchus
-bronchial vessels
-nerves
-lymphatics

Question 14

What two nerves pass the roots of the lungs? Where do they pass in relation to the roots?

Answer 14

Vagus - posterior to roots
Phrenic nerves - anterior to roots

Question 15

What structures make up the conductive zone?

Answer 15

Nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

Question 16

Where does the trachea extend to? Bifurcates into?

Answer 16

C6 to T4/5; main bronchus

Question 17

What holds the trachea open?

Answer 17

C shaped transverse cartilage rings

Question 18

What is the carina

Answer 18

Hook-shaped structure that projects backward in the midline between the origins of the 2 main bronchi

Question 19

R vs L main bronchus

Answer 19

R is wider and more vertical

Question 20

What are bronchioles?

Answer 20

Smallest branches from bronchial tree

Question 21

What is a bronchopulmonary segment? How many are in each lung?

Answer 21

Smallest functionally independent region of a lung and smallest area of lung that can be isolated and removed w/o affecting adjacent regions

10

Question 22

What are the three main bronchial vessels? Where do they come from?

Answer 22

R bronchial artery: branch from R third posterior intercostal artery

Superior and inferior L bronchial artery: come from aorta

Question 23

What do pulmonary arteries and veins carry?

Answer 23

Arteries: deoxygenated blood to lungs from right ventricle

Veins: oxygenated blood from lungs to L atrium

Question 24

L vs R pulmonary artery

Answer 24

L: shorter, lies anterior to descending aorta and posterior to superior pulmonary vein

R: longer and passes horizontally across the mediastinum

Question 25

What 3 structures make up the pulmonary plexus?

Answer 25

R and L vagus n, sympathetic trunk