Respiratory System Flashcards
Describe the respiratory movements of ribs (pump and bucket handle)
-pump: elevation of ribs causes an increase in anterolateral-posterior diameter of thoracic cavity
-bucket: elevation of ribs causes an increase in lateral diameter of thoracic cavity
Structures in lower respiratory system
Trachea and bronchial tree, lungs and pleural membranes, alveoli
Conductive vs respiratory zone
Conductive: everything that looks like a pipe, no gas exchange
Respiratory: where gas exchange occurs
4 cartilages of larynx and functions
-epiglottic: close and open larynx
-thyroid: keep airways open for air to pass through
-arytenoid: vocal chords attach here, allow us to speak
-cricoid: keep airways open
What are the 2 layers of pleura and the other structures
-Visceral (attached to lung)
-Parietal (attached to thorax)
-Potential/pleural cavity (between layers)
-Serous fluid (between layers)
What are the different names for the parietal pleura? What innervates each?
-costal and cervical: intercostal nerves
-diaphragmatic and mediastinal: phrenic nerve
What does visceral pleura detect?
Stretch
What is a pleural recess? Purpose?
Two layers of parietal pleura face each other with no visceral pleura
Accommodate the lungs expansion during forced inspiration
What are the L and R retroesophageal recesses formed by?
Reflection of mediastinal pleura supporting the esophagus
Where is the infracardiac recess found?
Right pleural sac, inferior to the heart
Where is the costodiaphragmatic recess found?
Between ribs 8 and 10
Where is the costomediastinal recess found?
Cardiac notch on L side, intercostal spaces 4 and 5
What structures pass through the hilum?
-pulmonary artery
-2 pulmonary veins
-main bronchus
-bronchial vessels
-nerves
-lymphatics
What two nerves pass the roots of the lungs? Where do they pass in relation to the roots?
Vagus - posterior to roots
Phrenic nerves - anterior to roots
What structures make up the conductive zone?
Nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
Where does the trachea extend to? Bifurcates into?
C6 to T4/5; main bronchus
What holds the trachea open?
C shaped transverse cartilage rings
What is the carina
Hook-shaped structure that projects backward in the midline between the origins of the 2 main bronchi
R vs L main bronchus
R is wider and more vertical
What are bronchioles?
Smallest branches from bronchial tree
What is a bronchopulmonary segment? How many are in each lung?
Smallest functionally independent region of a lung and smallest area of lung that can be isolated and removed w/o affecting adjacent regions
10
What are the three main bronchial vessels? Where do they come from?
R bronchial artery: branch from R third posterior intercostal artery
Superior and inferior L bronchial artery: come from aorta
What do pulmonary arteries and veins carry?
Arteries: deoxygenated blood to lungs from right ventricle
Veins: oxygenated blood from lungs to L atrium
L vs R pulmonary artery
L: shorter, lies anterior to descending aorta and posterior to superior pulmonary vein
R: longer and passes horizontally across the mediastinum
What 3 structures make up the pulmonary plexus?
R and L vagus n, sympathetic trunk
