Cardiovascular Flashcards
What are the main functions of the CV system
-transportation
-blood is transport vehicle
-carries O2, nutrients, waste and hormones
-movement provided by pumping of heart
Pulmonary vs systemic circuit
Pulm: heart to lungs
Systemic: heart to rest of body
General details about blood (pH, temp, m vs f)
PH: 7.35-7.45 (slightly alkaline)
Temp: 38 degrees C
Male: 5-6L
Female: 4-5L
4 functions of blood
-transports O2, CO, nutrients, waste, hormones, enzymes
-regulates pH
-prevents body fluid loss through clotting mechanism
-protects against toxins and foreign microbes
What are the three layers/walls of the vessels?
Tunica adventitia - outermost
Tunica media - middle
Tunica intima - innermost
What fibers make up an artery? Function?
-smooth muscle fibers
-regulates flow and blood to different parts of the body
How are arterioles different from arteries? Major site for?
-arterioles are less elastic but have more smooth muscle
-BF resistance
What 3 things serve as pressure reduction valves in arterioles?
Narrow lumens, thick muscular walls, regulate the degree of pressure within the system
What is the purpose of capillaries?
Internal respiration (gas exchange)
What are characteristics of venules and veins? (Thickness, type of muscle)
-slightly thicker than capillaries
-smooth muscles for venoconstriction
What is the order of vessels
Artery -> arterioles -> capillary -> venule -> vein
Characteristics of blood in veins
-slow flow
-less smooth muscle tissue than arteries
-more collagen in walls than arteries
What is pericardium? What are the two layers?
-double walled sac around the heart
-parietal and visceral
Purposes of the pericardium
-protects and anchors the heart
-prevents overfilling of the heart with blood
-allows heart to work in relatively friction-free environment
What is epicardium? Characteristics (superficial layer, deep layer)
-Serous membrane on outer heart surface
-Superficial: mesothelium
-Deeper: large blood vessels, more fat
What is myocardium?
Cardiac muscle
What is endocardium? Purpose?
CT, squamous cells, folds to form valves; lines cavities
Chambers of the heart collects/pumps blood from pulmonary/systemic circuit
-R atrium collects blood from system circuit
-R ventricle pumps blood to pulmonary circuit
-L atrium collects blood from pulmonary circuit
-L ventricle pumps blood to systemic circuit
Where is the tricuspid valve? Characteristics?
-R atrioventricular orifice
-anterior, septal and posterior cusps
-close during ventricular contraction
Pulmonary valve location and characteristic
-R ventricle/pulmonary artery
-3 semilunar cusps
Mitral valve location? Characteristics?
-L atrioventricular orifice
-anterior and posterior cusps
-closes during ventricular contraction
Aortic valve location and characteristics
-L ventricle/aorta
-3 semilunar cusps
-R, L and posterior aortic sinuses
What is coronary artery disease?
Occlusion of a major coronary artery = not enough O2 of an area of myocardium
What are the 4 main components of the cardiac conduction system?
-SA node
-AV node
-atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His)
-subendocardial plexus of conduction cells (Purkinje fibers)
