Anterior Neck Flashcards
Platysma OIA
Origin: infra and supraclavicular regions
Insertion: base of mandible; spine of cheek and angle of mouth
Innervation: facial nerve
Action: depression of angles of mouth and mandible (“frightened face”)
Triangles of the neck anterior and posterior boundaries
Anterior: anterior border of sternocleidomastoid, inferior border of the mandible
Posterior: posterior border of the SCM, anterior border of the trapezius and middle one-third of clavicle
4 smaller triangles of anterior triangle
Submandibular, submental, muscular, and carotid
Submandibular outlines and major contents
Inferior border of the mandible and digastric m.
Submental triangle outlines and major contents
Hyoid bone and anterior belly of digastric m
Muscular triangle outlines and major contents
Hyoid bone, superior belly of omohyoid m., and anterior border of the SCM m
Carotid triangle outlines and contents
Superior belly of omohyoid m, stylohyoid m, posterior belly of digastric m, and anterior border of SCM m
Submandibular triangle major contents
Facial a & v, submandibular gland, hypoglossal n (CN12)
Submental triangle major content
Submental lymph nodes
Carotid triangle major content
Int. Jugular v, carotid a, vagus n (CN 10), ansa cervicalis
Muscular triangle major contents
Thyroid and parathyroid glands
Suprahyoid muscles
Stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid
Infrahyoid muscles
Sternohyoid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid
Stylohyoid OIIA
Origin: base of styloid process
Insertion: greater horns
Innervation: facial nerve (CN 07)
Main action: pulls the hyoid bone posterosuperiorly during swallowing
Digastric OIIA
Origin: anterior - digastric fossa, posterior - mastoid process
Insertion: tendon between 2 bellies to body of hyoid bone
Innervation: mylohyoid nerve
Main action: elevates the hyoid bone and depresses the mandible
Mylohyoid OIIA
Origin: mylohyoid line of mandible
Insertion: body of hyoid bone
Innervation: mylohyoid nerve
Main action: support and elevation of floor of mouth; elevation of hyoid
Geniohyoid OIIA
Origin: inferior mental spine
Insertion: body of hyoid bone
Innervation: anterior ramus from C1
Main action: fixation of mandible; pulls mandible inward
Sternohyoid OIIA
Origin: posterior aspect of sternoclavicular joint
Insertion: body of hyoid bone
Innervation: ansa cervicalis
Main action: depresses hyoid bone after swallowing
Omohyoid OIIA
Origin: superior border of scapula
Insertion: body of hyoid bone
Innervation: anterior rami of C1 to C3
Main action: depresses hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid OIIA
Origin: thyroid cartilage
Insertion: greater horn of hyoid bone
Innervation: anterior ramus of C1
Main action: depresses the hyoid bone and elevates thyroid cartilage
Sternothyroid OIIA
Origin: manubrium
Insertion: thyroid cartilage
Innervation: ansa cervicales
Main action: draws larynx (thyroid cartilage) downward
What does the internal carotid artery supply blood to?
everything in the skull; ex. brain
What does the external carotid artery supply blood to?
everything outside the skull
What veins receive blood from all structures of the head and neck?
internal jugular veins
What arteries come from the brachiocephalic trunk?
Right common carotid and right subclavian artery
What structure does the right internal jugular vein come from?
brachiocephalic trunk
What vessels come from the aortic arch?
left common carotid artery and subclavian
Which nerves pass through the jugular foramen?
Glossopharyngeal (CN 09)
Vagus nerve (CN 10)
Accessory nerve (CN 11)
Which nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal?
Hypoglossal (CN 12)
What type of nerve is glossopharyngeal? Function?
mixed nerve (motor and sensory); innervates muscle of pharyngeal wall
What type of nerve is vagus nerve? Function?
mixed nerve (motor and sensory); innervates larynx, lungs, heart, liver, and structures in abdomen
What type of nerve is accessory nerve? Function?
motor nerve; innervates SCM and trap
What type of nerve is hypoglossal nerve? Function?
motor nerve; innervates the tongue
