Digestive System Flashcards
Functions of digestive system
ingestion, mixing/propulsion, digestion, absorption, metabolism, defacation
What are the two main groups of organs in DS?
ailmentary canal/GI tract and accessory digestive
List the accessory digestive organs
teeth, tongue, salivary gland, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
List the ailmentary/GI tract organs
stomach, duodenum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, jejunum, ileum, cecum, sigmoid colon, anal canal
What is the peritoneal cavity subdivided into? What are they connected by?
greater sac and omental bursa
omental foramen
Describe intraperitoneal vs. retroperitoneal
Intra: completely surrounded by peritoneum
Retro: only 1 surface covered by peritoneum
Where is the greater omentum found? Functions?
-greater curvature of stomach, first part of duodenum and transverse colon
-store fat, road for vessels, can wall off inflammation
Where is the lesser omentum found?
-lesser curvature of stomach, first part of duodenum to inf surface of liver
What ligaments does the lesser omentum divide into?
hepatoduodenal (duodenum and liver) and hepatogastric (stomach to liver)
What level is the abdominal esophagus found? What does enter ab cavity w/?
-T10 level
-anterior and posterior vagus trunk
What organs is the stomach between? What regions is it found)
-abdominal esophagus and small intestine
-epigastric, umbilical, and L hypochondrium regions
What are the 4 portions of the stomach? Where are each found?
-cardia: surround opening of esophagus
-fundus: area above the level of cardial orifice
-body: largest region
-pyloric part: distal end, divided into pyloric, antrum and pyloric canal
What are the 4 curves of the stomach called and where are they found?
-cardinal notch: between esophagus and stomach
-greater curvature
-angular incisure: bend on lesser curvature
-lesser curvature
What does the small intestine consist of? Extends from what to what?
-duodenum, jejunum, ileum
-pyloric orifice to ileocecal fold
Where is the duodenum located? 4 parts? Which are intra and retro peritoneal?
-adjacent to head of pancreas and level of umbilicus
-Superior (1st, intraperitoneal)
-Descending (2nd, retro)
-Inferior (3rd, retro)
-Ascending (4th, retro)
Where are the 4 parts of the duodenum found?
- superior: R of body of vertebra L1, passes anteriorly to bile duct
- descending: neck of gallbladder to lower border of L3 (entrance for the bile and pancreatic ducts)
- inferior: crosses IVC, aorta, and vertebral column
- ascending: passes L aorta to upper border of vertebra L2 and terminates at duodenojejunal flexor
Where is the jejunum found? Unique characteristic?
-L upper quadrant of abdomen
-thicker walls, less prominent arterial arcades and longer vasa recta (straight arteries) compared to ileum
Where is the ileum found? Unique characteristic?
-R lower quadrant
-thinner walls, shorter vasa recta, more mesenteric fat and arterial arcades
Functions of ileum cecal fold
-prevent reflux from cecum to ileum
-regulates passes of contents from ileum to cecum
What does the large intestine extend to? Function?
-distal end of ilium to anal canal
-absorbs fluids and salt from gut content
What sections are the following found in?
R colic flexure
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
L colic flexure
Descending colon
Cecum
Sigmoid colon
-R hypochondrium
-R flank
-epigastric and umbilical
-L hypochondrium
-L hypochondrium, L flank, and L groin
-R groin
-pubic
What are the 9 sections? (L -> R and T -> B)
R hypochondrium
Epigastric
L hypochondrium
R flank
Umbilical
L flank
R groin
Pubic
L groin
Where is the cecum located? (attaches and around which structures)
-continuous w/ ascending colon at the entrance of ileum
-in contact w/ anterior ab wall
Where is the appendix located? Function?
-narrow tube connected to cecum
-function: good bacteria’s house/storage
How to palpate for appendix?
McBurney’s Point; middle one third of a line from ASIS to umbilicus
How does appendicitis occur? Treatment?
-appendix obstructed, bacteria proliferates and invades appendix wall becomes damaged by pressure necrosis
-appendectomy
What parts of the colon are intra and retro?
intra: transverse and sigmoid
secondarily retro: ascending and descending
What level is the rectosigmoid junction located? Intra or retro?
level of vertebra S3; intra
Liver location and functions
-largest visceral organ; located in R hypochondrium and epigastric regions
-produces bile (breaks fat)**
-cholesterol metabolism, urea cycle, protein production, clotting factor production, detoxification of blood
Surfaces of liver
-diaphragmatic: anterior, superior and posterior
-visceral surface: inferior
What is associated w/ diaphragmatic surface of liver?
-subphrenic recess: separates diaphragmatic surface from diaphragm, divides R and L areas of falciform lig
-hepatorenal recess: part of peritoneal cavity on R side between liver and R kidney and R suprarenal gland
What is the visceral surface of the liver covered in?
visceral peritoneum except in fossa for gallbladder and at porta hepatis/triad
What are the 4 lobes of the liver?
R lobe, L lobe, caudate, quadrate
What is the quadrate lobe bound by?
on the L by ligamentum teres and R by fossa for gallbladder
What is the caudate lobe bound by?
on L by ligamentum venosum and on R by the groove for the IVC
Gallbladder location? Consists of? Function?
-sac lying on visceral surface of R lobe of liver
-round end (fundus), body and neck
-receives, concentrates, and stores bile from the liver
Pancreas location? Consists of? Functions?
-posterior stomach, between duodenum and stomach
-head, neck and tail
-digestion (produces and secretes enzymes) and endocrine (produces and secretes hormones like insulin and glucagon)
