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511 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of digestive system

A

ingestion, mixing/propulsion, digestion, absorption, metabolism, defacation

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2
Q

What are the two main groups of organs in DS?

A

ailmentary canal/GI tract and accessory digestive

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3
Q

List the accessory digestive organs

A

teeth, tongue, salivary gland, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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4
Q

List the ailmentary/GI tract organs

A

stomach, duodenum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, jejunum, ileum, cecum, sigmoid colon, anal canal

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5
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity subdivided into? What are they connected by?

A

greater sac and omental bursa
omental foramen

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6
Q

Describe intraperitoneal vs. retroperitoneal

A

Intra: completely surrounded by peritoneum
Retro: only 1 surface covered by peritoneum

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7
Q

Where is the greater omentum found? Functions?

A

-greater curvature of stomach, first part of duodenum and transverse colon
-store fat, road for vessels, can wall off inflammation

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8
Q

Where is the lesser omentum found?

A

-lesser curvature of stomach, first part of duodenum to inf surface of liver

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9
Q

What ligaments does the lesser omentum divide into?

A

hepatoduodenal (duodenum and liver) and hepatogastric (stomach to liver)

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10
Q

What level is the abdominal esophagus found? What does enter ab cavity w/?

A

-T10 level
-anterior and posterior vagus trunk

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11
Q

What organs is the stomach between? What regions is it found)

A

-abdominal esophagus and small intestine
-epigastric, umbilical, and L hypochondrium regions

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12
Q

What are the 4 portions of the stomach? Where are each found?

A

-cardia: surround opening of esophagus
-fundus: area above the level of cardial orifice
-body: largest region
-pyloric part: distal end, divided into pyloric, antrum and pyloric canal

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13
Q

What are the 4 curves of the stomach called and where are they found?

A

-cardinal notch: between esophagus and stomach
-greater curvature
-angular incisure: bend on lesser curvature
-lesser curvature

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14
Q

What does the small intestine consist of? Extends from what to what?

A

-duodenum, jejunum, ileum
-pyloric orifice to ileocecal fold

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15
Q

Where is the duodenum located? 4 parts? Which are intra and retro peritoneal?

A

-adjacent to head of pancreas and level of umbilicus
-Superior (1st, intraperitoneal)
-Descending (2nd, retro)
-Inferior (3rd, retro)
-Ascending (4th, retro)

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16
Q

Where are the 4 parts of the duodenum found?

A
  1. superior: R of body of vertebra L1, passes anteriorly to bile duct
  2. descending: neck of gallbladder to lower border of L3 (entrance for the bile and pancreatic ducts)
  3. inferior: crosses IVC, aorta, and vertebral column
  4. ascending: passes L aorta to upper border of vertebra L2 and terminates at duodenojejunal flexor
17
Q

Where is the jejunum found? Unique characteristic?

A

-L upper quadrant of abdomen
-thicker walls, less prominent arterial arcades and longer vasa recta (straight arteries) compared to ileum

18
Q

Where is the ileum found? Unique characteristic?

A

-R lower quadrant
-thinner walls, shorter vasa recta, more mesenteric fat and arterial arcades

19
Q

Functions of ileum cecal fold

A

-prevent reflux from cecum to ileum
-regulates passes of contents from ileum to cecum

20
Q

What does the large intestine extend to? Function?

A

-distal end of ilium to anal canal
-absorbs fluids and salt from gut content

21
Q

What sections are the following found in?
R colic flexure
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
L colic flexure
Descending colon
Cecum
Sigmoid colon

A

-R hypochondrium
-R flank
-epigastric and umbilical
-L hypochondrium
-L hypochondrium, L flank, and L groin
-R groin
-pubic

22
Q

What are the 9 sections? (L -> R and T -> B)

A

R hypochondrium
Epigastric
L hypochondrium
R flank
Umbilical
L flank
R groin
Pubic
L groin

23
Q

Where is the cecum located? (attaches and around which structures)

A

-continuous w/ ascending colon at the entrance of ileum
-in contact w/ anterior ab wall

24
Q

Where is the appendix located? Function?

A

-narrow tube connected to cecum
-function: good bacteria’s house/storage

25
Q

How to palpate for appendix?

A

McBurney’s Point; middle one third of a line from ASIS to umbilicus

26
Q

How does appendicitis occur? Treatment?

A

-appendix obstructed, bacteria proliferates and invades appendix wall becomes damaged by pressure necrosis
-appendectomy

27
Q

What parts of the colon are intra and retro?

A

intra: transverse and sigmoid
secondarily retro: ascending and descending

28
Q

What level is the rectosigmoid junction located? Intra or retro?

A

level of vertebra S3; intra

29
Q

Liver location and functions

A

-largest visceral organ; located in R hypochondrium and epigastric regions
-produces bile (breaks fat)**
-cholesterol metabolism, urea cycle, protein production, clotting factor production, detoxification of blood

30
Q

Surfaces of liver

A

-diaphragmatic: anterior, superior and posterior
-visceral surface: inferior

31
Q

What is associated w/ diaphragmatic surface of liver?

A

-subphrenic recess: separates diaphragmatic surface from diaphragm, divides R and L areas of falciform lig

-hepatorenal recess: part of peritoneal cavity on R side between liver and R kidney and R suprarenal gland

32
Q

What is the visceral surface of the liver covered in?

A

visceral peritoneum except in fossa for gallbladder and at porta hepatis/triad

33
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

A

R lobe, L lobe, caudate, quadrate

34
Q

What is the quadrate lobe bound by?

A

on the L by ligamentum teres and R by fossa for gallbladder

35
Q

What is the caudate lobe bound by?

A

on L by ligamentum venosum and on R by the groove for the IVC

36
Q

Gallbladder location? Consists of? Function?

A

-sac lying on visceral surface of R lobe of liver
-round end (fundus), body and neck
-receives, concentrates, and stores bile from the liver

37
Q

Pancreas location? Consists of? Functions?

A

-posterior stomach, between duodenum and stomach
-head, neck and tail
-digestion (produces and secretes enzymes) and endocrine (produces and secretes hormones like insulin and glucagon)

511 (17 decks)

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