respiratory system

Question 1

what does the respiratory system consist of

Answer 1

specialised organs for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 2

what organs make up the respiratory system (9)

Answer 2

nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, intercostal muscles, ribcage, diaphragm, lungs

Question 3

what happens during inspiration (5)

Answer 3

intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract causing ribcage - up and out and diaphragm - flatten which increases volume of thorax and decreases lung pressure

Question 4

what happens during expiration (5)

Answer 4

intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax causing ribcage - down and in and diaphragm - curved which decreases volume of thorax and increases air pressure

Question 5

what is a limitation of the bell and jar model

Answer 5

the balloons that represent the lungs are empty but irl they’re full of alveoli which individually inflate/deflate

Question 6

what is gas exchange

Answer 6

the physical process where oxygen is exchanged with co2 by diffusion

Question 7

where does gas exchange take place

Answer 7

in the alveoli

Question 8

what are the specialisations of the alveoli to maximise the rate of diffusion of O2 and CO2

Answer 8

huge surface area, good blood supply and very thin walls

Question 9

inspired air and expired air
% of CO2, O2, H2O, N2

Answer 9

0.04, 21, varies, 79
________________________________

4, 16, saturated, 79

Question 10

when breathed in and air is drawn, why does the first tube still remain colourless

Answer 10

as it contains little CO2

Question 11

when breathed out, why does the limewater contain bubbles

Answer 11

as this air contains CO2 which is produced during respiration therefore the limewater turns cloudy

Question 12

what is the function of mucus

Answer 12

to trap bacteria and particles present in the air

Question 13

what does the cilia do with the mucus

Answer 13

it beats to move the mucus back up the throat to be swallowed and destroyed by the stomach so it doesnt get into the lungs

Question 14

how can cigarette smoke affect the process of mucus and cillia

Answer 14

there are particles that clog the mucus in the airways and chemicals which paralyse cilia therefore mucus is not moved up the throat effectively

Question 15

the risk of ___________ infections increase as bacteria are more likely to _________ the _________

Answer 15

respiratory, enter, lungs

Question 16

what does cigarette smoke also contain that can cause cancer

Answer 16

tar which is full of toxic chemicals, some being carcinogens which can cause cancer

Question 17

type of lung disease caused by smoking, what is it and what white blood cell comes to help

Answer 17

emphysema which is where foreign particles become trapped in the alveoli, phagocyte

Question 18

the trapped particles cause ______________ which attracts __________. they then produce an _________ which breaks down the _________ walls

Answer 18

inflammation, phagocytes, enzyme, alveoli

Question 19

what is the consequence of the destruction of the alveoli wall

Answer 19

the surface area of the alveoli is reduced therefore decreasing the rate of gas exchange which results in difficulty for the alveoli to expel air

Question 20

what are the symptoms of the narrowing of airway

Answer 20

shortness of breath and wheezing

Question 21

why do ppl with emphysema have an increased breathing rate

Answer 21

as they try to increase the amount of oxygen from the air