respiratory system

Question 1

breathing

Answer 1

• inspiration (inhaling): breathing in
• expiration (exhaling): breathing out
• air moves from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

Question 2

inspiration

Answer 2

• oxygen-rich air moves into lungs
• diaphragm contracts and lowers
• increases volume of chest cavity and lowers pressure inside lungs
  AIR MOVES FROM HIGH PRESSURE (OUTSIDE BODY) TO LOW PRESSURE (INSIDE LUNGS)

Question 3

expiration

Answer 3

• carbon dioxide-rich air moves out of lungs
• diaphragm relaxes and raises
• decreases volume of chest cavity which increases pressure inside lungs
  AIR MOVES FROM HIGH PRESSURE (INSIDE LUNGS) TO LOW PRESSURE (OUTSIDE BODY)

Question 4

internal respiration

Answer 4

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and cells of tissue

Question 5

external respiration

Answer 5

• exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood
• gas exchange occurs

Question 6

cellular respiration

Answer 6

series of chemical reactions that take place in mitochondria
- produce ATP energy

Question 7

parts of respiratory system

Answer 7

UPPER TRACT: nasal cavities, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx,
LOWER TRACT: trachea, lungs, diaphragm

Question 8

function of nasal cavities

Answer 8

• lined with tiny hairs that act as a filtering system to trap foreign particles
• thin membrane secretes mucus, which traps particles and keeps lining moist

Question 9

function of pharynx

Answer 9

• an air-filled channel at the back of the mouth
• two openings
  TRACHEA: windpipe
  ESOPHAGUS: carries food to stomach

Question 10

function of epiglottis

Answer 10

flap-like structure that covers glottis when food is swallowed

Question 11

function of larynx

Answer 11

aka voice box, contains two thin sheets of elastic ligaments called vocal cords
- vibrates as air is forced from lungs toward pharynx
- different sounds are produced by change in tension on vocal cords

Question 12

function of trachea

Answer 12

• goes from throat to middle of chest
• lined with mucus
• mucus traps debris which is swept away by cilia back into pharynx

Question 13

function of lungs

Answer 13

• inhaled air moves from trachea into two bronchi which enter lungs
• divided into lobes

Question 14

tidal volume

Answer 14

volume of air inhaled/exhaled at rest

Question 15

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 15

volume of air taken into lungs beyond regular inhalation

Question 16

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 16

volume of air forced out of lungs beyond regular exhalation

Question 17

residual volume

Answer 17

amount of gas remaining in lungs

Question 18

vital capacity

Answer 18

total volume of air that can go into and out of lungs during single breath
vital capacity= tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume

Question 19

alveoli

Answer 19

grape-like cluster of sacs found in lung where exchange of gases between atmosphere and blood occurs

Question 20

diffusion at alveoli

Answer 20

• air enters alveoli after inhalation has higher concentration of O2 than alveolar blood, thus O2 diffuses out of alveoli and into blood
• CO2 diffuses out of blood, into alveoli where its released into air in lungs

Question 21

oxygen and carbon dioxide transport and how levels of CO2 are regulated in the brain

Answer 21

EXTERNAL: blood and lungs, CO2 moves out of blood, O2 moves into blood
INTERNAL: blood and cells of body, O2 moves into cell out of blood, CO2 moves out into blood