respiratory system Flashcards
breathing
- inspiration (inhaling): breathing in
- expiration (exhaling): breathing out
- air moves from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure
inspiration
- oxygen-rich air moves into lungs
- diaphragm contracts and lowers
- increases volume of chest cavity and lowers pressure inside lungs
AIR MOVES FROM HIGH PRESSURE (OUTSIDE BODY) TO LOW PRESSURE (INSIDE LUNGS)
expiration
- carbon dioxide-rich air moves out of lungs
- diaphragm relaxes and raises
- decreases volume of chest cavity which increases pressure inside lungs
AIR MOVES FROM HIGH PRESSURE (INSIDE LUNGS) TO LOW PRESSURE (OUTSIDE BODY)
internal respiration
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and cells of tissue
external respiration
- exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood
- gas exchange occurs
cellular respiration
series of chemical reactions that take place in mitochondria
- produce ATP energy
parts of respiratory system
UPPER TRACT: nasal cavities, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx,
LOWER TRACT: trachea, lungs, diaphragm
function of nasal cavities
- lined with tiny hairs that act as a filtering system to trap foreign particles
- thin membrane secretes mucus, which traps particles and keeps lining moist
function of pharynx
- an air-filled channel at the back of the mouth
- two openings
TRACHEA: windpipe
ESOPHAGUS: carries food to stomach
function of epiglottis
flap-like structure that covers glottis when food is swallowed
function of larynx
aka voice box, contains two thin sheets of elastic ligaments called vocal cords
- vibrates as air is forced from lungs toward pharynx
- different sounds are produced by change in tension on vocal cords
function of trachea
- goes from throat to middle of chest
- lined with mucus
- mucus traps debris which is swept away by cilia back into pharynx
function of lungs
- inhaled air moves from trachea into two bronchi which enter lungs
- divided into lobes
tidal volume
volume of air inhaled/exhaled at rest
inspiratory reserve volume
volume of air taken into lungs beyond regular inhalation
expiratory reserve volume
volume of air forced out of lungs beyond regular exhalation
residual volume
amount of gas remaining in lungs
vital capacity
total volume of air that can go into and out of lungs during single breath
vital capacity= tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume
alveoli
grape-like cluster of sacs found in lung where exchange of gases between atmosphere and blood occurs
diffusion at alveoli
- air enters alveoli after inhalation has higher concentration of O2 than alveolar blood, thus O2 diffuses out of alveoli and into blood
- CO2 diffuses out of blood, into alveoli where its released into air in lungs
oxygen and carbon dioxide transport and how levels of CO2 are regulated in the brain
EXTERNAL: blood and lungs, CO2 moves out of blood, O2 moves into blood
INTERNAL: blood and cells of body, O2 moves into cell out of blood, CO2 moves out into blood
