digestive systems Flashcards
1
Q
physical digestion
A
- breaking apart large particles into smaller ones
- takes place in teeth, tongue, churning, contractions
2
Q
chemical digestion
A
- chemical breakdown of nutrient molecules into small molecules by enzymes
- takes place in the small intestine; in/outside of cells
3
Q
chyme
A
- thick liquid produced in stomach
- mixture of gastric juices and digested food
4
Q
peristalsis
A
wave-like muscular contractions that move food down G.I. tract
5
Q
parts of alimentary canals
A
UPPER: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach
LOWER: small intestine, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, large intestine, anus, and rectum
6
Q
what occurs in the mouth
A
teeth, mouth
7
Q
teeth
A
- 32 teeth, physical process, reduce size of food particles and increase surface area of food
INCISORS: front of mouth, cutting + biting
CANINES: sharp, dagger shaped, tearing
PREMOLARS: broad flat teeth, grinding food
MOLARS: broad, flat shape, crushing food (ex: wisdom teeth)
7
Q
what occurs in the stomach
A
- food storage
- physical digestion
- chemical digestion
7
Q
tongue
A
- physical process, positions food
pushes food to back of mouth when swallowing - sense of taste located on tongue (taste buds)
7
Q
what occurs in small intestine
A
circulatory system carries nutrients to cells and tissues in the body
DUODENUM: majority of digestion occurs
JEJUNUM: digestion completed
ILEUM: most absorption occurs, undigested material pushed into large intestine
8
Q
what occurs in large intestine (colon)
A
- ascending, transverse, descending
- water reabsorbed, anaerobic bacteria continue food breakdown and produce vitamins that are absorbed
- push leftover matter to rectum
9
Q
villi
A
- finger-like projections
- contain capillaries and blood picks up nutrients
MICROVILLI: in villi
10
Q
lacteal
A
- tiny lymph capillaries connected to lymph system
- absorbs fats
11
Q
explain the swallowing reflex
A
- food is positioned on tongue as it moves it up to push food back
- uvula flips up to close off nasal cavity
- epiglottis covers opening of trachea
- larynx moves and tips epiglottis over opening, bolus enters esophagus
12
Q
bolus
A
made up of food and saliva
- large amount of fluid given at a fast rate
