Respiratory system Flashcards
What in the Upper Respiratory Tract
- Nasal/Oral cavity
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
Whats in the Lower Respiratory Tract
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
Nasal cavity function
clears air - using nose hairs
warms air
moistens air - mucus
How does the larynx work
houses the vocal cords
passage of air vibrate the cords and makes sound
What is laryngitis
inflammation of vocal cords
Caused by;
* Infection (usually viral)
* Smoking
* Regurgitation of stomach acid
during vomiting
* overuse
what are the 2 types of Trachea lining
Goblet cells:
* Produce mucus
* Mucus traps foreign particles
Epithelial cells:
* Ciliated
* Brush mucus containing foreign particles
upwards through the tract
What are Goblet cells in Trachea
- Produce mucus
- Mucus traps foreign particles
What are Epithelial cells in the trachea
Epithelial cells:
* Ciliated
* Brush mucus containing foreign particles
upwards through the tract
Which lung has more lobes and why
Right has 3
left only has 2 because the heart is there
What is the pleura of the lung
membrane that surrounds the lungs ,
allows lungs to expand and contract
What is the hierarchy of parts after trachea
Bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Gas exchange
oxygen and CO2 are exchanged at surface of the alveoli
using diffusion along a concentration gradient
O2 diffuses from alveoli to
capillaries
CO2 diffuses from capillaries
to alveoli
external vs internal respiration
external - exchange between air and blood, happens in the lungs
Internal - exchange between blood cells and surrounding tissue, happens in the body tissues
O2 diffuses from capillaries to tissue
CO2 diffuses from tissue to capillaries
What does the diaphragm do
dome shaped sheet of muscle
When it contracts you breath in
when it relaxes you breath out
What are the Intercostal muscles (muscles of the ribcage) (2)
external intercostal: outer surface, pulls ribs up
Internal intercostal: inner surface, pulls ribs down
What happens to diaphragm in inhalation vs exhalation
diaphragm relaxes and moves up on exhale
contracts on inhale and moves down
what is a spirograph
shows you how much air is in the lungs by time
what is tidal volume (lung capacity) TV
the amount of air inhaled and exhaled on normal breath
What is Inspiratory Reserve Volume (lung capacity)IRV
The additional volume of air that
can be taken in, beyond a regular
or tidal inhalation.
* IC = TV +IRV
What is Expiratory Reserve Volume (lung capacity) ERV
The additional volume of
air that can be forced out
of the lungs beyond a
regular or tidal exhalation
What is vital capacity (lung capacity) VC
the total volume of gas that can be moved in or out of lungs
VC= TV + IRV + ERV
What is Inspiratory capacity IC
total amount of air that can be taken in
What is residual volume (lung capacity) RV
the amount of air that stays in lungs even after a full exhalation
it should never be fully empty or else the lungs will collapse
What is total lung capacity TLC
All the air that can exist in the
lungs and respiratory tract
* TLC = VC + RV
* TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV
