Respiratory system Flashcards
What in the Upper Respiratory Tract
- Nasal/Oral cavity
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
Whats in the Lower Respiratory Tract
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
Nasal cavity function
clears air - using nose hairs
warms air
moistens air - mucus
How does the larynx work
houses the vocal cords
passage of air vibrate the cords and makes sound
What is laryngitis
inflammation of vocal cords
Caused by;
* Infection (usually viral)
* Smoking
* Regurgitation of stomach acid
during vomiting
* overuse
what are the 2 types of Trachea lining
Goblet cells:
* Produce mucus
* Mucus traps foreign particles
Epithelial cells:
* Ciliated
* Brush mucus containing foreign particles
upwards through the tract
What are Goblet cells in Trachea
- Produce mucus
- Mucus traps foreign particles
What are Epithelial cells in the trachea
Epithelial cells:
* Ciliated
* Brush mucus containing foreign particles
upwards through the tract
Which lung has more lobes and why
Right has 3
left only has 2 because the heart is there
What is the pleura of the lung
membrane that surrounds the lungs ,
allows lungs to expand and contract
What is the hierarchy of parts after trachea
Bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Gas exchange
oxygen and CO2 are exchanged at surface of the alveoli
using diffusion along a concentration gradient
O2 diffuses from alveoli to
capillaries
CO2 diffuses from capillaries
to alveoli
external vs internal respiration
external - exchange between air and blood, happens in the lungs
Internal - exchange between blood cells and surrounding tissue, happens in the body tissues
O2 diffuses from capillaries to tissue
CO2 diffuses from tissue to capillaries
What does the diaphragm do
dome shaped sheet of muscle
When it contracts you breath in
when it relaxes you breath out
What are the Intercostal muscles (muscles of the ribcage) (2)
external intercostal: outer surface, pulls ribs up
Internal intercostal: inner surface, pulls ribs down
