Nutrition

Question 1

What are macronutrients

Answer 1

nutrients taken in large amounts daily, provide energy
ex, carbs, protein, fats

Question 2

What are micronutrients

Answer 2

Minerals, vitamins

Question 3

What are the essential nutrients

Answer 3

water, macronutrients, micronutrients

Question 4

Carbs (function, organic molecules, types)

Answer 4

major source of energy
uses CHO
3 types
monosaccharides (C6H12O8)
disaccharides (C12H22O11 )
polysaccharides (CnHnOn)

Question 5

What are the organic molecules in Monosaccharides

Answer 5

(C6H12O8)

Question 6

Organic molecules in disaccharides

Answer 6

(C12H22O11 )

Question 7

Organic molecules in polysaccharides

Answer 7

(CnHnOn)

Question 8

What are fructose, glucose and galactose an example of?

Answer 8

Monosaccharides, Macronutrient

Question 9

Where can you find fructose

Answer 9

fruits

Question 10

where can you find glucose

Answer 10

starch

Question 11

Where can you find galactose

Answer 11

diary

Question 12

What is the same for all monosaccharides

Answer 12

they share the same chemical formula but in diff arrangement
(C6H12O6)

Question 13

what is dehydration synthesis or condensation

Answer 13

the removal of 1 water molecule to combine 2 monosaccharides into disaccharides

Question 14

glucose + glucose
what is it an example of

Answer 14

makes maltose + water (arranged side by side )
disaccharide

Question 15

what is hydrolysis

Answer 15

can break maltose easily into 2 glucose
splits disaccharide into the 2 monosaccharide

Question 16

glucose + fructose

Answer 16

sucrose + water (arranged vertically )

Question 17

glucose + galactose

Answer 17

lactose + water
lactose is sugar in milk
(arranged side by side )

Question 18

What are examples of polysaccharides

Answer 18

starch
glycogen
cellulose
fats

Question 19

Where can you get starch

Answer 19

grains and some veg

Question 20

Glycogen uses and sources

Answer 20

Made in animals
extra glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in liver
can be converted back when blood sugar is low

Question 21

Cellulose sources and uses

Answer 21

found in plant cell walls
hard to digest but provides fibre for waste elimination

Question 22

Where is fat used in the body

Answer 22

Make up phospholipid bilayer in the cell
membrane
Surround and protect vital organs and
joints, fats underneath skin insulate body

Question 23

Organic molecules of fat, structure

Answer 23

CHO like carbs but in different ratios
looks to be in long chains

Question 24

triglyceride

Answer 24

3 - C glycerol molecule + 3 fatty acids
long chain of Cs with acid group at the end

Question 25

what are Saturated fats

Answer 25

all carbon branches are filled with hydrogen solid at rm temp butter, lard, animal fat

Question 26

What is Unsaturated fat

Answer 26

not all carbon branches are filled with hydrogen, could have double bond liquid at rm temp oils, fish oil, veg oil

Question 27

What is the Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 27

Cell membrane Hydrophilic head (phosphate + nitrate + glycerol) and hydrophobic tail (2 fatty acids)

Question 28

Cholesterol description, uses

Answer 28

waxy liquid found in arteries, veins produces vit D, bile acids and hormones carried through blood by lipoproteins

Question 29

Where can you get cholesterol

Answer 29

meat, shellfish , egg yolks

Question 30

Are high density lipoproteins good or bad? (HDL)

Answer 30

Good

Question 31

Why is Low density lipoprotein bad

Answer 31

Causes buildup in the artery walls

Question 32

What do Lipoprotein (in the blood) do?

Answer 32

transports fats and cholesterol

Question 33

Protein function and organic molecules

Answer 33

provide structure in hair, nails, skin, enzymes, antibodies Contains CHON Polypeptides are broken down into dipeptides and amino acids with enzymes

Question 34

Why are they called essential amino acids

Answer 34

the 9 amino acids that you cannot make yourself