Cardiovascular system

Question 1

What is pulmonary circulation

Answer 1

blood flow between heart and lungs

Question 2

What is systemic circulation

Answer 2

blood flow
from the heart to the rest of the
body

Question 3

What is cardiac circulation

Answer 3

blood flow within heart

Question 4

What is the pathway of blood around body

(12)

Answer 4

right ventricle
lungs - where gas exchange happens
pulmonary veins - has oxygen
left atrium
left ventricle
leaves heart through aorta
arteries go to capillaries
oxygen leaves blood, CO2 enters
capillaries go to veins
superior or inferior vena cava
right atrium
right ventricles

Question 5

What is the other name for Pace maker

Answer 5

sinoatrial (SA) node
- Initiates heartbeat
* Sets normal rhythm

Question 6

what are the steps in the cardiac cycle (in the heart)

(5)

Answer 6

1. blood forced into ventricles, SA node goes to atria, atria contract AV valve open (P)
2. all systole, impulse travels to Av note, av valve closes
3. blood forced out of ventricles, Av node goes to vent, vent contract, SL valves open (QRS)
4. all diastole, blood passive fills atria (T)
5. Av valves open, blood passive fills vents

Question 7

What direction do arteries and arterioles go, examples

Answer 7

from heart, aorta, pulmonary artery

Question 8

what direction do veins and venules go, examples

Answer 8

towards heart, vena cava, pulmonary vein

Question 9

Describe walls of capillaries, function

Answer 9

walls are thin, one cell thick, allow for rapid diffusion of material from blood
such as
Gases – oxygen and carbon
dioxide
▪ Nutrients
▪ Waste
only allow for single file of RBC

Question 10

What are precapillary sphictors for

Answer 10

Sphincter muscles where
arterioles branch into
capillary control flow of
blood into capillaries
Blood bypasses true
capillaries and is
shunted through
metarteriole

Question 11

How is the structure of artery different from vein

Answer 11

artery walls are thicker, more blood pressure, more elastic
veins have valves to stop the blood from flowing back down, less muscle, low blood flow

Question 12

What is a way to determine a blood type

Answer 12

Hemagglutination - if it clumps when in contact with that blood type is has that blood type

Question 13

What is the relation ship between sickle cell anemia and malaria

Answer 13

having sickle cell anemia makes you resistant to malaria

Question 14

Where are the semilunar valves

Answer 14

in between ventricles and pulmonary artery and aorta
called pulmonary valve on the right
called aortic valve on the left

Question 15

Where are the atrioventricular valves

Answer 15

in between atria and ventricles
Tricuspid on the left
mitral on the right

Question 16

Where is the Sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 16

• In the upper wall of the right
  atrium
• Near the opening to the
  superior vena cava
• Cause the atria to contract

Question 17

Where is the Atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 17

• In the lower part of the right
  atrium
• Near AV valves
• Causes ventricles to contract

Question 18

Parts of the electrocardiogram measuring heartbeat

Answer 18

P - sinotorial node goes, atria contract, ventricles relax, signal goes to AV node
QRS - ventricles contract (atria relax),
T -both atria and ventricles relax