Respiratory System

Question 1

Passage for air; lined with cilia, tiny hairlike projections that trap dirt and particles from the air.

Answer 1

Nose/Mouth

Question 2

Tube in throat that takes air to and from lungs (also called the windpipe)

Answer 2

Trachea

Question 3

Two large organs that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer 3

Lungs

Question 4

Flap of tissue in back of mouth that covers the trachea to prevent food from entering it

Answer 4

Epiglottis

Question 5

Two tubes that branch from the trachea; one tube leads to each lung

Answer 5

Bronchi

Question 6

Large dome-shaped muscle below the lungs that expands and relaxes to produce breathing.

Answer 6

Diaphragm

Question 7

Ciliated epithelium
(cilia move mucus upwards)
Goblet cells (secrete mucus)

Answer 7

Bronchiole wall

Question 8

Close to alveoli Thin-single cell thick.
Squamous epithelium
Reduces diffusion distance

Answer 8

Blood capillary

Question 9

Carries oxygenated blood to heart

Answer 9

Pulmonary vein

Question 10

Alveoli fill with a thick fluid, making gas exchange difficult.

Answer 10

Pneumonia

Question 11

Airways are influenced due to infection (acute) or due to an irritant (chronic). Coughing brings up mucus.

Answer 11

Bronchitis

Question 12

Airways are inflamed due to irritation, and bronchioles constrict due to muscle spasms.

Answer 12

Asthma

Question 13

Alveoli burst and fuse into enlarged air spaces. Surface area for gas exchange is reduced.

Answer 13

Emhysema

Question 14

Large particles are deposited in the nose, pharynx, and larynx more soluble gases are soluble gases absorbed by upper respiratory tract mucous membranes, causing edema and mucus hypersecretion,

Answer 14

Rhinitis and laryngitis

Question 15

Large particles (more than 10 um in diameter) are deposited and then cleared by cilia. Less soluble gases penetrate to deeper, small airways.

Answer 15

Tracheitis, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis

Question 16

Allergens and irritants are deposited in large airways by turbulent flow, causing chronic inflammatory changes.

Answer 16

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 17

Carcinogens (asbestos and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) come into contact with bronchial epithelial cells, causing mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.

Answer 17

Cancer

Question 18

Small particles (less than 10 um in diameter and fibers are deposited in terminal bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli. Penetration to the interstitium results in fibrosis and the formation of granulomas.

Answer 18

Interstitial disease

Question 19

Granuloma

Answer 19

lung tissue