Reproductive System Flashcards
Sac of loose skin, fascia & smooth muscle divided into two pouches by a septum
Scrotum
Each lobule is filled with 2 or 3 seminiferous tubules where sperms are formed
Testis
Contains the testes.
Scrotum
External male organ for copulation
Penis
Explain Briefly The Anatomy and Physiology of Spermatozoa
NIceeee
Transfers the sperm cells
Penis
Process of Spermatogenesis. Explain
Nicee
Adapted for reaching
and fertilizing the egg
Spermatozoa
Seminal Vesicles
secrete clear, alkaline seminal fluid, with fructose sugar, ATP and prostaglandins for normal sperm nutrition & function.
Internal Parts of the Male Reproductive System that secretes milky, slightly acidic seminal fluid with an antibiotic to kill bacteria
Prostate
secrete clear, alkaline mucus to buffer and lubricate urethra
Cowper’s Glands
Major male hormone
Testosterone
The thin milky secretions of the prostate
Semen
responsible for the development of secondary male sexual characteristics
Testosterone
Secondary sexual
characteristics
- hair growth and distribution
- skin texture
- body fat distribution
- skeletal muscle grow
- changes in the larynx (deeper
voice) - Adam’s apple
consists of the internal reproductive organs and
external genitalia
Female Reproductive System
produce eggs (oöcytes) & hormones
Ovaries
transport the eggs
Uterine tubes
where fetal development occurs
Uterus
birth canal
Vagina
constitute the vulva
External genitalia
produce milk
Mammary glands
Narrow, 4-inch tube that
extends from the ovary to
uterus.
Uterine or Fallopian Tube
open, funnel-shaped portion
near the ovary
Infundibulum
moving finger-like processes
Fimbriae
central region of tube
Ampulla
narrowest portion joins uterus
Isthmus
Uterus - Histology
Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium
Passageway for birth, menstrual flow and intercourse
External Genitalia
Explain briefly the process of Oogenesis
Niceee
Male Sex Hormones
Testosterones
Two pituitary gonadotropins
luteinizing hormone (LH)
stimulating hormone (FSH)
The testicular target cells of LH are what cell?
Leydig Cell
The testicular target cells of FSH are what cell?
Sertoli Cells
The internal genitalia include a
three-part system of ducts:
the uterine tubes, the uterus, and the vagina.
The ovaries produce
egg cells and release them for
fertilization
The ripe egg travels along the fallopian tube to the uterus, the____________ in which it develops into an embryo and
then fetus.
Muscular sac
Germ cells from yolk sac migrate to ovary and become
potential egg cells called
oogonia
In fetus, ________ of oögonia produced by mitosis but most
of them degenerate (atresia)
millions
develop into immature egg cells called
oöcytes
Each month about how many primary oöcytes become secondary oöcytes
20
Contain oöcytes (egg cells) and Secrete estrogens (granulosa cells)
Ovarian Follicles
Estrogen Functions
~ Growth and repair of uterine
lining
~ Regulation of monthly female
cycle
~ Female sexual characteristics
~ Maintenance of bone and
muscle
After ovulation, empty follicle becomes
corpus luteum
completes the preparation of uterine lining
Progesterone
work with progesterone
Estrogens
decreases secretion of FSH and LH
Inhibin
relaxes uterine muscles and pubic symphysis
Relaxin
A white scar tissue left after the corpus
luteum dies
Corpus albicans
A cycle that is complex and controlled by many
different glands.
Menstrual Cycle
The four phases of the menstrual cycle are
menstruation
follicular phase
ovulation
luteal phase
The average length of the menstrual cycle is
28–29 days
The elimination of the thickened lining of
the uterus (endometrium) from the body through the vagina
Menstruation
It contains blood, cells from the lining of
the uterus (endometrial cells) and mucus.
Menstrual fluid
It is a phase that starts on the first day of menstruation and ends with ovulation
Follicular phase
This hormone stimulates the ovary to produce around five to 20 follicles.
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
The growth of the follicles stimulates the?
lining of the uterus
The release of a mature egg from the ovary
Ovulation
Ovulation is triggered by the high levels of what hormones
LH. Luteinizing Hormones
The life span of the typical egg is only around?
24 hour
A phase where ruptured follicle stays on the surface of the ovary
Luteal Phase
It cause the lining of the uterus to fall away
Drop of progesterone levels. Known as Menstruations
Cessation of menstrual cycle - ages 40-50
Menopause
What happens during Menopause?
Menstrual cycle become less regular
Ovulation is inconsistent
Female sex hormones are
estrogens and progesterone
