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Zoology > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

The transport system of the body

A

Circulatory system

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2
Q

3 Components of Circulatory System

A
  • Heart
  • Blood vessels
  • Blood
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3
Q

Heart separates the pulmonary and systemic circulations and ensures the flow and supply of oxygen-rich blood to tissues.

A

Routing blood

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4
Q

Left side of the heart pumps blood to all other tissues of the body and back to the right side of the heart

A

Systemic circulation

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5
Q

Right side of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart

A

Pulmonary circulation

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6
Q

Contraction of the heart generates blood pressure that forces blood through the blood vessels

A

Generation of blood pressure

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7
Q

The human heart has its own cavity. What cavity is it?

A

pericardial cavity

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8
Q

The left and right atria are separated by the

A

atrial septum

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9
Q

The heart consists of 4 chambers.

A

> Left and right Atrium
Left and right Ventricle

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10
Q

Left and right ventricles are separated by the

A

ventricular septum

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11
Q

The right atrium and right ventricle are separated by the

A

Tricuspid valve

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12
Q

The left atrium and left ventricle is separated by

A

Mitral valve

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13
Q

Blood flow to the pulmonary arteries from the right ventricle is also guarded by the?

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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14
Q

In the same manner, blood flow to the ascending aorta from the left ventricle is guarded by the?

A

aortic semilunar valve.

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15
Q

blood flows away from the heart; 3 cell layers, thick-walled.

A

Arteries

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16
Q

blood flows towards the heart; valves prevent backflow due to low blood pressure; 3 cell layers, thin-walled.

A

Veins

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17
Q

connect arterioles to venules; the site of capillaries/tissues is where **nutrient/waste **exchange by diffusion takes place; 1 cell layer

A

Capillaries

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18
Q

A blood vessels that can change along their length from elastic to muscular to microscopic

A

Arteries

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19
Q

Receives blood from the the heart

A

Large arteries/ Aorta

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20
Q

Guides blood direction

A

Medium-sized arteries/ Coronary arteries

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21
Q

Regulate blood flow

A

Microscopic arteries/ arterioles

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22
Q

A blood vessels that can change size from large to medium to venules

A

Veins

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23
Q

A very small veins that collect blood from capillaries

A

Venules

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24
Q

A type of veins that have thin tunica media and few smooth muscle cells ; tunica externa with longitudinal bundles of elastic fibers.

A

Medium sized veins

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25
Q

A type of veins that have all 3 tunica layers, thick tunica externa and thin tunica media

A

Large veins

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26
Q

The smallest and most numerous of the blood vessels, form the connection between the vessels

A

Capillaries

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27
Q

Capillary distribution varies with what activity?

A

Metabolic Activity of body
tissues

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28
Q

A connective tissue consisting of plasma and formed elements

A

Blood

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29
Q

erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells (RBCs)

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30
Q

leukocytes

A

White blood cells (WBCs)

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31
Q

It is composed of liquid plasma and formed elements

A

Blood

32
Q

Blood accounts for approximately how many percentage of our weight?

A

8%

33
Q

Pale yellow fluid containing over 100 solutes

A

Plasma

34
Q

Helps maintain osmotic pressure

A

Albumin

35
Q

38% of the plasma proteins

A

Globulins

36
Q

antibodies and complement

A

Immunity

37
Q

Mostly water (91%), Contains proteins (7%)

A

Plasma

38
Q

bind to molecules such as hormones

A

Transport

39
Q

Converted to fibrin during clot formation

A

Fibrinogen

40
Q

Just cell fragments most formed elements survive in the bloodstream for only a few days

A

Platelets

41
Q

Biconcave discs, anucleate, essentially no organelles.

A

RBCs

42
Q

What protein our RBCs contains that functions in gas transport?

A

hemoglobin (Hb)

43
Q

Accounts for about a third of the cell’s volume

A

Hemoglobin

44
Q

Each heme group bears an atom of?

A

Iron

45
Q

A molecules in hemoglobin that transport oxygen

A

Heme

46
Q

Oxygen content determines blood color

A

Oxygenated: bright red.
Deoxygenated: darker red.

47
Q

Globin molecules transport

A

carbon dioxide

48
Q

The life span of an erythrocyte is

A

100–120 days

49
Q

Heme becomes ________that is secreted in bile.

A

bilirubin

50
Q

Make up 1% of the total blood volume

A

WBC

50
Q

contain large cytoplasmic granules

A

granulocytes

51
Q

very small granules that cannot be
easily seen with the light microscope

A

agranulocytes

52
Q

Only blood components that are complete cells. Can leave capillaries via ameboid movement and move through tissue spaces.

A

WBC

53
Q

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

A

Granulocytes

54
Q

Most common type of WBC. Our body’s bacteria slayers

A

Neutrophils

55
Q

Account for 0.5% of WBCs

A

Basophils

56
Q

inflammatory chemical that acts as a vasodilator and attracts other
WBCs (antihistamines counter this effect)

A

Histamine

57
Q

prevents the formation of clots

A

Heparin

58
Q

Have red-staining, bi-lobed nuclei connected via a broad band of nuclear material and account for 1–4% of WBCs

A

Eosinophils

59
Q

lymphocytes and monocytes.
Lack visible cytoplasmic granules

A

Agranulocytes

60
Q

Account for 25% or more of WBCs. Are found mostly enmeshed in
lymphoid tissue (some circulate in the blood)

A

Lymphocytes

61
Q

There are two types of lymphocytes:

A

T cells
B cells

62
Q

Stimulated by bacteria or toxins. Give rise to plasma cells, which
produce antibodies.

A

B cells

63
Q

Protect against viruses and other intracellular microorganisms.
Attack and destroy the cells that are infected.

A

T cells

64
Q

Account for 4–8% of leukocytes.
They are the largest leukocytes

A

Monocytes

65
Q

Function in clotting

A

Platelets

66
Q

Seal holes in small vessels

A

Formation of platelet plugs

67
Q

Help seal off larger wounds in the vessels.

A

Formation of clots

68
Q

RBC membranes have glycoprotein antigens on their external
surfaces.

A

Blood Groupings

69
Q

Acts as a solvent and suspending medium for blood components

A

Water

70
Q

Maintain osmotic pressure (albumin), destroy foreign substances (antibodies and complement), transport molecules (albumin and globulins), and form clots (fibrinogen)

A

Proteins

71
Q

Involved in osmotic pressure (sodium and chloride ions), membrane potentials (sodium and potassium ions), and acid-base balance (hydrogen, hydroxide, and bicarbonate ions)

A

Ions

72
Q

Source of energy and “building blocks” of more complex molecules (glucose, amino acids, triglycerides)

A

Nutrients

73
Q

Involved in aerobic respiration

A

Gases

74
Q

Breakdown products of protein metabolism (urea and ammonia salts) and red blood cells (bilirubin)

A

Waste products

75
Q

Catalyze chemical reactions (enzymes) and stimulate or inhibit many body functions (hormones)

A

Regulatory substances

Zoology (11 decks)

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