Nervous System Flashcards
Central Nervous System
Brain & Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Nerve Cell
To send messages from various parts of
your body to your brain, and from your brain back out to your body .
Major Function of Nervous System
Responsible for regulating and maintaining homeostasis
Nervous System
Through its _________, the nervous system keeps us in touch with our environment, both external and internal.
receptors
To carry out its normal role, the nervous system has three overlapping functions
- Monitoring changes
- Interpretation of sensory input
- Effects responses
- Mental activity -
- Homeostasis
The brain reads signals from the nerves to regulate how one thinks, moves and feels
Central Nervous System
The nerves branch out from the spinal
cord. This system relays information
from the brain and spinal cord to the
organs, arms, legs, fingers and toes
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Both of these are protected by three
layers of membranes known as
meninges
A third form of protection is
cerebrospinal fluid
In one brief sentence explain the Brain.
The brain is the center of our thoughts, the interpreter of our external environment, and the origin of control over body movement. Like a CPU that without it we cannot survive.
Highway for communication between the body and the brain.
Spinal Cord
Two parts to the peripheral nervous system:
- Somatic nervous system
- Autonomic nervous system
regulates the activities you do without thinking about them (involuntary movements).
Autonomic Nervous System
guides your voluntary movements
Somatic Nervous System
The brain has three main parts:
Cerebrum, Cerebellum, & Brainstem.
The largest part of the brain and is composed of right and left hemispheres.
Cerebrum
Located under the cerebrum
Cerebellum
Relay center connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord.
Brainstem
The cerebrum are joined by a bundle of
fibers called the
Corpus Callosum
In cerebrum each _________ controls the opposite side of the body. Explain Further.
Hemisphere
left hemisphere controls
speech, comprehension, arithmetic, and writing.
right hemisphere controls
creativity, spatial ability, artistic, and musical skills
Each hemisphere has 4 lobes
frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital.
Located in the back of the brain, just below the occipital lobes.
cerebellum (hindbrain)
Cerebellum is involved with_________ skills
fine motor skills,
The cerebellum also helps the body maintain its
posture, equilibrium, and balance.
Central portion of the brain
diencephalon
The diencephalon is divided into 3
What are those?
epithalamus,
thalamus,
subthalamus, and
hypothalamus.
Acts as a kind of relay station for signals
coming into the brain
Thalamus
It has roles in sexuality, food/ water intake,
maintenance of hydration, and cardiovascular activity. contains nuclei
Sub-thalamus
Serves as a connection between the
limbic system and other parts of the brain.
Epithalamus
A part of the brain that’s involved with
emotion
Limbic System
Processes information that comes from
the autonomic nervous system
Hypothalamus
Located in front of the cerebellum and
connects to the spinal cord. It’s responsible for passing messages to various parts of the body and the cerebral cortex.
Brain Stem
helps control eye movement, processes visual and auditory information, regulates motor movements, and is involved in arousal and
wakefulness.
Midbrain
Largest part of the brain stem located below
the midbrain. It is a group of nerves that help connect different parts of the brain.
Pons
lowest part of the brain. It acts as the connection between the brain stem and spinal cord.
Medulla oblongata
includes special senses and general senses
Sensory
includes somatic motor and parasympathetic
Motor
There are how many pair of cranial nerves are designated by Roman numerals?
12 pairs
There are how many spinal nerves there is?
31 pairs of spinal nerves
A network of nerves emerging from the lower part of the spine.
sacral plexus
The two principal cell types of
the nervous system are:
Neurons
Non-neural cells (Glial cells):
Receive stimuli and transmit action
potentials
Neurons
The junction between two cells where communication takes place
synapse
