Respiratory System Flashcards
What produces surfactant
Type 2 alveoli cells
What is the function of the serous membrane surrounding the lung
Prevents friction
What’s the function of goblet cells
Secretes mucus and collects foreign cells
What is boyles law
To change the pressure of gas, you have to change the volume
What happens in inspiration
The diaphragm and intercostals contracts upwards and outwards to increase the volume
Does inspiration lower or increase the pressure
Lower
What happens in expiration
Diaphragms and intercostal relax which makes the volume smaller
In expiration does it lower or increase pressure
Increase
Which direction does air travel
From a high pressure gradient to a low one
What does the turbinates do
Warms and adds moisture to filter the air
What does the upper airway include
Mouth, nose, nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx
What is the visceral pleura in the lungs
It is the membrane close/attached to the organ itself
What is the parietal pleura
The outer membrane that is attached to the rib cage
In which zone does gas exchange occur
Respiratory zones
What is the conducting airways lined with
Epithelia
What is the function of the conducting airways
To move the air to areas that gas exchange
What type of muscle underlies the lumen in the conduction airways
Smooth muscle
What are the two pleurae around the lung
Visceral and parietal
What is the function of the C shaped rings in the trachea
To resist compression of the trachea but to allow expansion
What’s the difference between bronchi and bronchioles
The bronchioles are smaller than bronchi and has more smooth muscle as well as no cartilage
Where does the visceral membrane attach to
The lung
Where does the parietal membrane attach to
The rib
What is the function off having multiple lobes in the lung
To prevent diseases in the lung spread to the whole lung. By compartmentalising the lobes, a disease will only remain in one area
What is the purpose of adding heat and moisture to the air in the upper airways
To prevent the mucus drying out and destroying its natural barrier. The moisture keeps the mucus in tact
What is mucocillary escalator
Where the cilia moves the gel layer towards the mouth and then detaches and moves backwards through the percillary layer
What is the function of the mucocillary escalator
To move objects/air in and out of the lungs
Define lung compliance
The change in lung volume at a given pressure
(How easy it is to alter the size of airspace in the lungs)
