Renal System

Question 1

what happens when filtraion is too fast

Answer 1

substances cant be reabsorbed

Question 2

what happens when filtration is too slow

Answer 2

everything is reabsorbed

Question 3

changing the _____ regulates the rate of filtration

Answer 3

arteriole size

Question 4

what happens in afferent arteriole constriction

Answer 4

increased resistance in afferent arteriole and decreased cappillary blood pressure

Question 5

what is the juxtaglomerular complex

Answer 5

the wall of the DCT connects with the afferent arteriole

Question 6

what happens when fluid flows too quickly through the DCT

Answer 6

the macula densa releases atp

Question 7

what causes the afferent arteriole to constrict

Answer 7

atp

Question 9

which arteriole ensures blood pressure is high in the glomerulus

Answer 9

efferent

Question 10

which arteriole is partially constricted

Answer 10

efferent

Question 11

what is a characteristic of the capilleries in the glomerulus

Answer 11

leaky
allows small substances to pass though

Question 12

what small substances can pass through the capilleries in the glomerulus

Answer 12

sodium
potassium
glucose
amino acids

Question 13

what can not pass through the capilleries in the glomerulus

Answer 13

large molecules such as red blood cells and proteins

Question 14

the presence of what suggests damage to glomerulus

Answer 14

proteins which could be due to -
an infection
high blood pressure
physical trauma

Question 15

how is sodium pumped out pf the proximal convoluted cells of the PCT

Answer 15

Na+/K+ pump

Question 16

where is the pumped out sodium carried up

Answer 16

peritubular tubular capillaries

Question 17

what effect does an increase in sodium have on the blood in the peritubular tublar capillaries

Answer 17

the bloods concentration increases and water moves down its concentration gradient

Question 18

where is the concentration gradient set up from and to (sodium removal)

Answer 18

between the filtrate in the PCT and the cells

Question 19

the cells of the PCT are impervious to sodium, what does this mean

Answer 19

they are unable to let sodium to pass through

Question 20

how does sodium move across the filtrate and the PCT cells

Answer 20

through special carriers

Question 21

where does the special carriers of sodium get their energy from

Answer 21

the concentration gradient

Question 22

what does sodium also move using the special carriers

Answer 22

glucose and amino acids