Respiratory System Flashcards
What does the upper respiratory system consist of
Nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx
What does the Lower respiratory system consist of
Larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles
What is our lung size due to
Body size and oxygen demand for metabolism
Which gender has a higher vital lung capacity
Males with more than 4L and females with Less than 4L
What is the difference between male and female vital lung capacity
1.5L
How many lobes does the right lung have
3
How many lobes does the left lung have
2 lobes
Why does the left lobe have different shapes
Due to the cavity notch having to accommodate the heart
What does the primary bronchi divide into
The secondary and tertiary bronchi
What does the trachea and bronchi have around them
Rings of cartilage
What does the rings of cartilage provide
A rigid structure
What happens to the rings of cartilage as we go further down the bronchi
Turn into plates of cartilage
Why is it important for the rings or cartilage turn into plates of cartilage
Important for lungs to function as it’s more flexible
What is the alveoli covered in
Capillaries
What happens in gas exchange
Oxygen is absorbed for cellular respiration (to form ATP) and co2 is released ( which is metabolism waste)
What does the trachealis muscle do
Controls the airways by opening and closing
What are the lungs used for during foetal life
To produce surfactant
Why do the lungs produce surfactant during foetal life
So are ready to breathe air at birth
What do alveolar epithelial type 2 cells produce
Surfactant
What does surfactant reduce
Reduces surface tension
What do alveolar epithelial type 1 cells for
Gas exchange (O2 and CO2)
When do type 2 cells mature
Late in pregnancy (week 36)
What can premature babies develop if type 2 cells mature late in pregnancy
Respiratory distress syndrome
What are type 1 and 2 cells also referred as
Pneumocyte