Homeostasis and Diversity

Question 1

What is homeostasis

Answer 1

•Means steady state
•an internal environment is maintained relatively constant
•internal dynamic equilibrium

Question 2

Why do cells need stability

Answer 2

For optimal function

Question 3

What in the body is kept stable

Answer 3

•ECF (extracellular fluid)
•interstitial fluid
•plasma
•ph, temp, hormone and nutrient levels

Question 4

What are the elements in a control system

Answer 4

Detector, comparator, effectors

Question 5

regulated variable

Answer 5

A sensor exists to keep this variable in the limits

Question 6

Nonregulated variable

Answer 6

Changes to control the regulated variable

Question 7

What can happen if there is a loss of homeostasis

Answer 7

Can lead to disease

Question 8

What is feed forward

Answer 8

•limits change
• it’s anticipatory behaviour which reduces disruption to set points

Question 9

Anatomy

Answer 9

Scientific description of the structure of organisms

Question 10

Physiology

Answer 10

Part of science that is concerned with the processes and functions of organisms

Question 11

Physiological

Answer 11

Normal healthy functioning

Question 12

Pathology

Answer 12

Part of science that is concerned with the cause, origin and nature of disease

Question 13

Levels of physiology

Answer 13

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, whole body, reproduction

Question 14

What are 4 types of tissue

Answer 14

Epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle tissue

Question 15

What are 4 types of cells

Answer 15

Muscle, neural, epithelial and connective tissue cells

Question 16

What are neural cells

Answer 16

Signalling cells

Question 17

What are muscle cells

Answer 17

Contractile cells

Question 18

What are epithelial cells

Answer 18

•Sheet-like external body covering
•internal cavity lining and renal tubules
•specialised endocrine cells

Question 19

Where are connective tissue cells found

Answer 19

They are found in blood, lymph, bone, fat, tendons

Question 20

Why do motor neurons have long axons

Answer 20

They have to travel long distances

Question 21

State 2 neurons

Answer 21

Hippocampal pyramidal neuron and the motor neuron to muscle

Question 22

State 3 types of muscle

Answer 22

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle

Question 23

What do compact bones form

Answer 23

Haversian systems

Question 24

Examples of white blood cells

Answer 24

Neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes

Question 25

Where are platelets found

Answer 25

Blood

Question 26

What is a tissue

Answer 26

A collection of cells that carry out a specific function

Question 27

What is an organ

Answer 27

When 2 or more tissues carry out a specific function

Question 28

What is an organ system

Answer 28

2 or more organs work together

Question 29

What are the internal fluid compartments

Answer 29

Total body volume which is divided into total body water, intracelular fluid and extra cellular fluid. The extra cellular fluid is subdivided into interstitial fluid and plasma

Question 30

How many organ system’s do we have

Answer 30

11

Question 31

What is the food processing system

Answer 31

Gastrointestinal system

Question 32

What is the gas exchange system

Answer 32

Respiratory system

Question 33

What is the distribution system

Answer 33

Cardiovascular system

Question 34

What is the excretory system

Answer 34

Renal system

Question 35

What system is responsible for movement and support

Answer 35

Muscular and skeletal system

Question 36

What are the control systems

Answer 36

Nervous and endocrine (hormones) system

Question 37

What is the protective system

Answer 37

Integumentary (skin) and immune system

Question 38

What is the reproductive system

Answer 38

Gender specific systems

Question 39

What are the main hormone producing tissues

Answer 39

Hypothalamus (dopamine), adrenal gland (adrenaline), thyroid gland (thyroid hormone - T3 T4), testes (testosterone), ovaries (oestrogen and progesterone), pancreas (insulin), pituitary gland (FSH and LH), parathyroid gland (parathyroid hormone)

Question 40

What does negative feedback maintain

Answer 40

Homeostasis

Question 41

What type of disorder can failure of homeostasis cause

Answer 41

•diabetes (insulin failure) •heat stroke •neuroendocrine disorders •hypertension (high blood pressure) •obesity

Question 42

What is negative feedback

Answer 42

When a change in a variable initiates a response which cancels out the change

Question 43

What is positive feedback

Answer 43

When a change in a variable initiates more disruption which amplifies the initial change

Question 44

Which type of feedback is most important

Answer 44

Negative feedback