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Physiological Systems > Homeostasis and Diversity > Flashcards

Homeostasis and Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

What is homeostasis

A

•Means steady state
•an internal environment is maintained relatively constant
•internal dynamic equilibrium

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2
Q

Why do cells need stability

A

For optimal function

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3
Q

What in the body is kept stable

A

•ECF (extracellular fluid)
•interstitial fluid
•plasma
•ph, temp, hormone and nutrient levels

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4
Q

What are the elements in a control system

A

Detector, comparator, effectors

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5
Q

regulated variable

A

A sensor exists to keep this variable in the limits

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6
Q

Nonregulated variable

A

Changes to control the regulated variable

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7
Q

What can happen if there is a loss of homeostasis

A

Can lead to disease

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8
Q

What is feed forward

A

•limits change
• it’s anticipatory behaviour which reduces disruption to set points

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9
Q

Anatomy

A

Scientific description of the structure of organisms

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10
Q

Physiology

A

Part of science that is concerned with the processes and functions of organisms

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11
Q

Physiological

A

Normal healthy functioning

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12
Q

Pathology

A

Part of science that is concerned with the cause, origin and nature of disease

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13
Q

Levels of physiology

A

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, whole body, reproduction

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14
Q

What are 4 types of tissue

A

Epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle tissue

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15
Q

What are 4 types of cells

A

Muscle, neural, epithelial and connective tissue cells

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16
Q

What are neural cells

A

Signalling cells

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17
Q

What are muscle cells

A

Contractile cells

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18
Q

What are epithelial cells

A

•Sheet-like external body covering
•internal cavity lining and renal tubules
•specialised endocrine cells

19
Q

Where are connective tissue cells found

A

They are found in blood, lymph, bone, fat, tendons

20
Q

Why do motor neurons have long axons

A

They have to travel long distances

21
Q

State 2 neurons

A

Hippocampal pyramidal neuron and the motor neuron to muscle

22
Q

State 3 types of muscle

A

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle

23
Q

What do compact bones form

A

Haversian systems

24
Q

Examples of white blood cells

A

Neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes

25
Q

Where are platelets found

A

Blood

26
Q

What is a tissue

A

A collection of cells that carry out a specific function

27
Q

What is an organ

A

When 2 or more tissues carry out a specific function

28
Q

What is an organ system

A

2 or more organs work together

29
Q

What are the internal fluid compartments

A

Total body volume which is divided into total body water, intracelular fluid and extra cellular fluid. The extra cellular fluid is subdivided into interstitial fluid and plasma

30
Q

How many organ system’s do we have

A

11

31
Q

What is the food processing system

A

Gastrointestinal system

32
Q

What is the gas exchange system

A

Respiratory system

33
Q

What is the distribution system

A

Cardiovascular system

34
Q

What is the excretory system

A

Renal system

35
Q

What system is responsible for movement and support

A

Muscular and skeletal system

36
Q

What are the control systems

A

Nervous and endocrine (hormones) system

37
Q

What is the protective system

A

Integumentary (skin) and immune system

38
Q

What is the reproductive system

A

Gender specific systems

39
Q

What are the main hormone producing tissues

A

Hypothalamus (dopamine), adrenal gland (adrenaline), thyroid gland (thyroid hormone - T3 T4), testes (testosterone), ovaries (oestrogen and progesterone), pancreas (insulin), pituitary gland (FSH and LH), parathyroid gland (parathyroid hormone)

40
Q

What does negative feedback maintain

A

Homeostasis

41
Q

What type of disorder can failure of homeostasis cause

A

•diabetes (insulin failure)
•heat stroke
•neuroendocrine disorders
•hypertension (high blood pressure)
•obesity

42
Q

What is negative feedback

A

When a change in a variable initiates a response which cancels out the change

43
Q

What is positive feedback

A

When a change in a variable initiates more disruption which amplifies the initial change

44
Q

Which type of feedback is most important

A

Negative feedback

Physiological Systems (7 decks)

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