Respiratory system Flashcards
4 parts of the upper system?
nose, nasopharynx, pharynx, larynx
4 parts of the lower system?
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
external respiration?
act of breathing
internal respiration?
use of o2 in cells
3 respiratory muscles?
diaphragm
internal intercostal muscles
external intercostal muscles
diaphragm during inspiration?
contracts, increase volume of chest
diaphragm during expiration?
relaxes, elastic recoil passive expiration
what do the external intercostal muscles do?
lift lungs upwards and outwards during inspiration
what do the internal intercostal muscles do?
pull ribs down and in during expiration
Tidal volume?
volume of air that moves during single inspiration/expiration
Inspiratory reserve volume?
additional volume you inspire above tidal volume
expiratory reserve volume?
amount of air forcefully expired after normal expiration
residual volume?
volume of air that cannot be expelled at end of maximal expiration
vital capacity?
sum of inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve and tidal volume
total lung capacity?
sum of vital capacity and residual volume
functional residual capacity?
sum of expiratory reserve and residual volume
inspiratory capacity?
sum of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume
2 measurements from lung function test with spirometer?
Forced vital capacity (FVC)- full amount forcefully expired
forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) - volume forcefully expelled in the first second
what does peak flow measure?
how fast air is blown out of lungs
how is oxygen transported in blood?
dissolved in plasma or bound to haemoglobin
how is CO2 transported?
dissolved, bound to haemoglobin or as HCO3-
which receptor causes bronchoconstriction?
M3 muscarinic cholinergic
which receptor mediates bronchodilation?
beta2 adreno-receptor
role of type 1 cells in alveoli?
primary site for gas exchange
role of type 2 cells in alveoli?
synthesize surfactant to reduce surface tension and resistance during breathing
