Immune system

Question 1

Immunology definition

Answer 1

mechanism used to defend body from inavsion of pathogens

Question 2

Immunogen

Answer 2

molecule that stimulates system to produce a response

Question 3

Antigen

Answer 3

part of immunogen that reacts with effector cells

Question 4

Epitope

Answer 4

part of antigen that reacts

Question 5

Types of myeloid cells

Answer 5

• granulocytes
• antigen presenting cells
• mast cells

Question 6

what happens in primary lymphoid tissues? (examples)

Answer 6

• lymphocytes produced and mature
• no responses
  Eg. bone marrow and thymus

Question 7

what happens to B and T Cells in the bone marrow?

Answer 7

B cells = originate and mature
T cells = originate, leave immature

Question 8

What happens to T cells in the thymus?

Answer 8

• complete maturation
• move from cortex to medulla as they differentiate

Question 9

examples of Secondary lymphoid tissues/ what happens there?

Answer 9

• where mature lymphocytes are activated
  Eg. - lymphatic vessels
  - lymph nodes

Question 10

what do lymphatic vessels do?

Answer 10

collect plasma fluid

Question 11

What is MALT?

Answer 11

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
- specialised tissue in submucosal layers

Question 12

The 2 types of immunity?

Answer 12

Innate immunity - rapid
Adaptive immunity - slow

Question 13

the 3 Immediate innate responses?

Answer 13

• physical and chemical barriers
• anti-microbial proteins
• complement system

Question 14

Induced innate response

Answer 14

• Phagocytosis (bacteria)
• cytokines production/ inflammation
• toll like receptors
• interferon , natural killer cells (virus)

Question 15

Structure of antibodies?

Answer 15

• 4 polypeptide chains ( 2 heavy 2 light)
• y shape
• variable and constant regions

Question 16

The 5 classes of antibodies?

Answer 16

IgG, IgD, IgA, IgM, IgE

Question 17

which antibody can form dimers?

Answer 17

IgA

Question 18

which antibody forms pentamers?

Answer 18

IgM

Question 19

Which is the first antibody produced?

Answer 19

IgM - primary response

Question 20

Which antibody is produced as secondary response?

Answer 20

IgG - more specific and stronger

Question 21

What is a chimeric monoclonal antibody?

Answer 21

variable region from mouse spliced onto human constant region

Question 22

What is a humanised monoclonal antibody?

Answer 22

Hypervariable region from mouse spliced onto human.