hepatic system

Question 1

The 4 lobes of the liver?

Answer 1

2 major
2 minor

Question 2

thin capsule of connective tissue?

Answer 2

glissons capsule

Question 3

where is the gallbladder located?

Answer 3

lodged in recess under right lobe

Question 4

what is a liver lobule?

Answer 4

basic functional unit of liver

Question 5

what are the specialised epithelial cells called?

Answer 5

hepatocytes

Question 6

what 2 vessels does liver receive blood from?

Answer 6

hepatic portal vein
hepatic artery

Question 7

what are sinusoids?

Answer 7

endothelium-lined spaces

Question 8

phagocytes lining the sinusoids?

Answer 8

kupffer cells

Question 9

maintained blood glucose concentration?

Answer 9

4-6mM (70-100mg/L)

Question 10

glycogenesis?

Answer 10

production of glycogen from glucose

Question 11

glycogenolysis?

Answer 11

glycogen turned into glucose

Question 12

gluconeogenesis?

Answer 12

production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources

Question 13

what is the cori cycle?

Answer 13

lactate converted to glucose

Question 14

what is the alanine cycle?

Answer 14

degradation of proteins to make glucose

Question 15

how liver makes fatty acids?

Answer 15

converts glucose via acetyl-CoA into soluble forms
VLDL formed

Question 16

organic component of bile?

Answer 16

billirubin

Question 17

inorganic component of bile?

Answer 17

bile salts

Question 18

how does bile help lipid digestion?

Answer 18

micelle formation

Question 19

insoluble bilirubin?

Answer 19

bound to albumin

Question 20

what is conjugated bilirubin?

Answer 20

water soluble transported to bile

Question 21

what happens when bacteria degrades bilirubin?

Answer 21

converts to urobilinogen

Question 22

what is first pass effect?

Answer 22

portion of substance absorbed and metabolised in liver before reaching blood
circulation

Question 23

phase 1 reaction of drug metabolism?

Answer 23

converts parent compound to more polar (hydrophilic) by adding or unmasking functional groups

Question 24

phase 2 reactions of drug metabolism?

Answer 24

conjugation with endogenous substrate to increase aqueous solubility