Respiratory System

Question 1

Functons

Answer 1

To breathe air into the lungs
To transfer oxygen through the process of diffusion from the lungs into the blood
To transfer carbon dioxide and other gases from blood through the process of diffusion into the lungs where the gases are breathed out

Question 2

Vital capacity

Answer 2

The maximum amount of air you can exhale after maximal inspiration

Question 3

Tidal volume

Answer 3

The volume off air breathed in and out per breath

Question 4

Breathing rate

Answer 4

The number of breaths taken per minute

Question 5

Minute ventilation

Answer 5

The amount of sure breathed in and out in a minute

Question 6

Minute ventilation =

Answer 6

Tidal volume + respiratory rate

Question 7

How the respiratory system works

Answer 7

1. Air enters through the nose and mouth it is nice and warm and filtered
   2.the air passes to the trachea (windpipe) which has rings of cartilage to hold it open
   3.the trachea splits into one bronchi. each Bronchus services a lung. the bronchus splits further into bronchioles and the terminate in alveoli
2. the alveoli are the site of gaseous exchange. they are thin walled spongy air sacs but fill up with air when we breathe

Question 8

Inspiration during rest

Answer 8

• The external intercostal muscles contract gently pulling the ribs up and out
• the diaphragm contacts, pulling it self down
• the volume of the chest cavity increases causing the air pressure to drop air rushes into the alveoli to equalise the pressure

Question 9

Expiration during
Rest

Answer 9

• The external intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax so the ribs go back down and the diaphragm moves up
• this pushes the waste product of the carbon dioxide out of the lungs into the air

Question 10

inspiration during exercise

Answer 10

inspiration during exercise

• The external intercostal, diaphragm & other muscles not normally used in breathing all contract faster & more forcefully when at rest
• The volume of the chest cavity increases visibly + air pressure drops, So much air rushes into the alveoli of the lungs to equalise the pressure

Question 11

Expiration during exercise.

Answer 11

• The external intercostal muscles + diaphragm relax, so the ribs go back down and the diaphragm moves up
• in addition, the internal intercostal muscles + abdominal muscles contract pulling the rib cage further down forcing more co, out of the lungs. This process happens at a faster rate during exercise

Question 12

Diffusion

Answer 12

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 13

Short term effects of exercise in the respiratory system

Answer 13

The respiratory centre in the brain detects the increased level of carbon dioxide present in the blood during exercise
In response the respiratory centre sends nervous impulses to the intercostal and the diaphragm
Theses muscles work harder to increase the rate of breathing and to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity so more oxygen can be taken in with each breath
In other words during exercise you breath faster and deeper: your minute ventilation increases to meet the demands of exercise

Question 14

Long term effects

Answer 14

As a result of regular aerobic endurance training your diaphragm and intercostal muscles become stronger
Vital capacity and minute ventilation can improve which means you can get more oxygen in and out of the lungs with each breathe
Allows you to work harder and keep working for longer without tiring