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pe > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Function

A

Transport of nutrients
Removal of waste
clotting
temperature regulation

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2
Q

Blood is made from

A

Plasma (55%)
platelets (less than 1%)
red blood cells (45%)
high white blood cells (less than 1%)

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3
Q

What is plasma

A

A yellowish liquid

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4
Q

What does plasma have dissolved in it

A

Glucose and other nutrients from digested food
hormones
carbon dioxide and other waste from cells

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5
Q

What do red blood cells do

A
  • Red blood cells or the oxygen carriers
  • they contain haemoglobin which combines with oxygen
  • haemoglobin gives them their in the red colour
  • There made in the bone marrow
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6
Q

What do white blood cells do

A

Defend your body against disease

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7
Q

Difference between white blood cells and red blood cells

A

They are larger than red blood cells and have a nucleus

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8
Q

Where are white blood cells made

A

Red bone marrow
Lymph nodes
Spleen

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9
Q

What are phagocytes

A

Are white cells that change shape to surround germs and produce enzymes to kill and digest them

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10
Q

What are antibodies

A

They are chemicals that destroy germs

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11
Q

Platelets

A

Platelets are fragments from special cells made in the bone marrow
- they stick to each other easily
- their job is to stop you losing blood by making a clot

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12
Q

What makes up your circulatory system

A

Blood
Heart
Blood vessels

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13
Q

What does the right side of the heart do

A

Pumps blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen

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14
Q

The left side of the heart …….

A

Pumps oxygenated blood around the rest of the body

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15
Q

What do arteries do

A

Carry blood away from the heart

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16
Q

What is the largest artery

A

Aorta

17
Q

What blood vessels carry blood to t he heart

A

Veins

18
Q

What is the largest vein

A

Vena cava

19
Q

The heart has …… chambers

A

4

20
Q

The upper chamber is called

A

Atria

21
Q

The Lower chambers are

A

Ventricles

22
Q

The wall of the heart is made of ……… muscle

A

Cardiac

23
Q

The wall down the middle is called the ………

A

Septum

24
Q

Why does the heart have valves

A

To stop blood flowing backwards

25
Q

The heart is called a ……….. pump

A

Double pump

26
Q

Heart rate

A

also called the pulse and represents the number of cardiac cycles per minute

27
Q

Stroke volume

A

The amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle per heartbeat

28
Q

Cardiac output

A

The volume of blood pumped out of the left side of the year per minute

29
Q

Cardiac output=

A

Heart rate x stroke volume

30
Q

Pathway of the blood

A

Right atrium - tricuspid valve - pulmonary artery- lungs - pulmonary vein - heart - mitral valve - left ventricle. - aorta - around the body - vena cava

31
Q

Short term effects of exercise

A
  1. Cardiac output increases
  2. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation
32
Q

Explain why cardiac output increases

A

When you exercise, adrenaline is released causing the heart rate to rise
- as blood is pumped faster, there is an increase causing the heart rate to rise
- this increases blood pressure
- so cardiac output increases
- overall, this means more nutrients are delivered to the working muscles and more waste gets away

33
Q

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation explain

A

Vasoconstriction restricts the blood flow to an area
- vasodilation increases blood flow to an area
- at rest the muscles need 15-20% of the blood but this increases to 85% during exercise
- so vasodilation occurs to divert the blood away from the organs and towards the muscles
- this is known as the redistribution of blood

34
Q

Long-term effects

A
  • The heart becomes larger with thicker and stronger muscular walls. The left ventricle is able to empty more forcibly pumping more blood out each beat. The heart chambers also become larger, holding more blood. The increased stroke volume means the heart rate when resting will be lower
  • the arteries also become larger and more elastic which make them more efficient in carrying the blood supply during exercise
  • more capillaries develop in the muscle (capillarisation) bringing more oxygen and nutrients
  • more red blood cells are produced meaning more oxygen can be carried by the blood
  • the body becomes more tolerant to lactic acid

pe (8 decks)

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