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Science Test Revision Body Systems > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Respiratory system

A
  • Network of organs and tissues that help you breathe
  • Breathing in oxygen and breathing out CO2
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2
Q

Nasal cavity (inside of nose)

A
  • Lined with mucous membrane to keep the area moist, preventing nosebleeds
  • Little hairs to filter the air that enters respiratory
  • Function: humidify and moist air that enters the lungs
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3
Q

Pharynx (throat)

A
  • Muscular funnel-shaped passage through the body
  • Starts at nose, ends at windpipe
  • Carries air, food and fluid from the nose or mouth
  • Part of respiratory and digestive system
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4
Q

Trachea (windpipe)

A
  • Transports air to and from the lungs
  • U-shaped tubed
  • Connects larynx (voice box) to the lungs
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5
Q

Bronchi

A

Distributes air in the lungs until it reaches bronchioles and alveoli

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6
Q

Primary bronchi

A
  • right and left
  • Main bronchi
  • Upper portion of lungs
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7
Q

Secondary bronchi

A
  • Near the middle of the lungs
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8
Q

Tertiary bronchi

A
  • Edge of the lungs
  • Just before the bronchioles
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9
Q

Bronchioles

A
  • Branches of air tubes
  • Carries air into the lungs
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10
Q

Alveoli

A
  • Air sacs at the end of the bronchiole
  • Performs body’s gas exchange of oxygen and carbon in inhale and exhale process
  • In the lungs
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11
Q

Structure of lungs

A
  • Brings oxygen and removes CO2
  • Each lobe receives air from its own bronchial branch (secondary bronchi)
  • Left lung
  • Right lung
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12
Q

Left lung

A
  • Smaller than right to make room for the heart
  • Superior lobe: upper lobe of left lung; separated into 4 bronchopulmonary segments, two of which make up the lingula
  • Oblique fissure: separates superior and inferior lobe
  • Inferior lobe: lower lobe of left lung; below and behind fissure; separated into 2 bronchopulmonary segments
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13
Q

Right lung

A
  • Right upper lobe: largest lobe of right lung; responsible for most of the gas exchange in the right lung during light breathing; separated into 3 bronchopulmonary segments
  • Right middle lobe; separated into 2 bronchopulmonary segments
  • Right lower lobe; separated into 5 bronchopulmonary segments
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14
Q

How breathing takes place

A
  • Inhalation/ Inspiration
  • Exhalation/ Expiration
  • Creates gas exchange and breathing
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15
Q

Inhalation

A
  • Diaphragm contracts and pulls downward
  • Muscles between ribs contract and pull upward
    Increases size of thoracic cavity
  • Air enters the lungs
  • Oxygen from that air moves to blood throughout the body
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16
Q

Exhalation

A
  • Diaphragm relaxes
  • Volume of thoracic cavity decreases and forces air out of the lungs
  • CO2 (waste gas) from your lungs is removed
17
Q

Oxygen and CO2 transportation in blood

A
  • Haemoglobin (red blood cells) binds with oxygen
  • Oxygen-mixed blood is transported to cells
  • After blood has given away all oxygen to cells, it circulates back to the heart then lungs, picking up CO2 to be exhaled
18
Q

Impact of smoking on lungs

A
  • Causes lung disease by damaging airways and alveoli found in the lungs
  • Chronic Bronchitis
  • Emphysema
  • Lung cancer
19
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A
  • A form of COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
  • Long term inflammation of the bronchi (main airways)
  • Shortness of breath and coughing
20
Q

Emphysema

A
  • Form of COPD
  • Affects alveoli, air sacs
  • Shortness of breath, coughing, fatigue
21
Q

Lung cancer

A
  • Abnormal growth of cells in lungs
  • Hard to detect until developed
  • Symptoms: cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, recurring lung infection
22
Q

Other cancers

A

Cancer in nose, sinus, voice box, throat

23
Q

Surface area importance

A
  • Capillaries are small blood vessels that perform gas exchange
  • Allowing only one red blood cell to pass through each time
  • Red blood cells exchanges CO2 for oxygen as it passes through capillary wall
    Therefore the more capillaries mean higher efficiency of gas exchange, so the surface area of capillaries will make gas exchange more efficient
24
Q

Athletes competing in the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico arrived earlier to acclimatise. What are the problems associated with these athletes? How could these problems be overcome?

A
  • Athletes arrived early to the 1968 to be familiar with the environment for a better performance in the games
  • All athletes performed at their full potential in the practices which left them with little energy to perform in the official games
  • Heavy breathing meant that they had little CO2 in their system making it difficult to breathe and exercise

Science Test Revision Body Systems (5 decks)

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