Circulatory System Flashcards
1
Q
4 main components of blood?
A
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
2
Q
Plasma
A
- Roughly 55% of blood
- Yellowish liquid
- Carries nutrients, hormones and protein
- Carries all components of blood throughout your body
- Cannot carry oxygen
3
Q
Red blood cells
A
- Carries oxygen from your lungs to the body and CO2 to your lungs
- Contains haemoglobin (a pigment that binds 4 oxygen molecules)
4
Q
White blood cells
A
- Fights infection by engulfing disease microbes and digesting the microbes
5
Q
Platelets
A
- Prevents bleeding by forming blood clots
- Signal is sent by body to platelets allowing them to travel to location of bleeding
6
Q
Types of blood vessels
A
- Veins
- Arteries
- Capillaries
7
Q
Layers of blood vessels
A
- Tunica externa (tunica adventitia)
- Tunica media
- Tunica intima
8
Q
Tunica externa (tunica adventitia)
A
- Outermost layer of blood vessel
- Provides protection
- Made up of connective tissues that contain collagen fibers
- Found in arteries and veins but not capillaries
9
Q
Tunica media
A
- Middle layer
- Thickest layer
- Thicker in arteries than veins
- Contains smooth muscle cells and connective tissue
- Found in arteries and veins but not capillaries
10
Q
Tunica intima
A
- Innermost layer
- Consists of flat epithelial cells
- Can provide structural support to larger blood vessels
- Found in arteries, veins, capillaries
11
Q
Blood vessels that serve the heart
A
- Aorta
- Pulmonary Trunk
- Pulmonary Vein
- Superior Vena Cava
- Inferior Vena Cava
12
Q
Aorta
A
- An artery that transfers blood from the heart throughout the body
- Blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, passes the aortic arch which delivers blood to the upper body
13
Q
Pulmonary trunk
A
- An artery that transports deoxygenated blood from the heart towards lungs
14
Q
Pulmonary vein
A
- Transfers oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart
15
Q
Superior vena cava
A
- A vein that carries oxygen-depleted blood from the upper body to the right atrium
16
Q
Inferior vena cava
A
- A vein that carries oxygen-depleted blood from the lower body to the right atrium
17
Q
Chambers of the heart
A
- Right atrium
- Right ventricle
- Left atrium
- Left ventricle
18
Q
Right atrium
A
- Top right chamber
- Receives blood low in oxygen from veins and empties it into the right ventricle
- Main vessels that enter are Superior Vena Cava and Inferior Vena Cava veins
19
Q
Left atrium
A
- Receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs and pumps into the left ventricle
- Main vessel is pulmonary veins, 2 on either side of the heart
20
Q
Right ventricle
A
- After receiving blood low in oxygen, right ventricle pumps this blood into the lungs to regain energy
- Blood leaves via the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery
21
Q
Left ventricle
A
- Pumps oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body
- Blood leaves via aortic valve to the aorta where it is transported across the body
- Wall is the thickest out of all 4 chambers
22
Q
Layers of walls of the heart
A
- Endocardium
- Myocardium
- Epicardium
23
Q
Endocardium
A
- Innermost and thinnest layer of heart
- Lines the chambers of the heart
- Cells are similar to cells that line blood vessels (endothelial)
- Provides protection to valves and heart chambers
24
Q
Myocardium
A
- Middle and thickest layer of the heart
- Specialised type of muscle tissue that forms the heart
- Contracts and releases to keep the heart pumping blood to the body
25
Q
Epicardium
A
- Outermost layer of the heart
- The thin layer on the surface of the heart
- Layer of elastic connective tissue and fat
- Serves as an additional layer of protection for the heart
26
Q
Valve
A
Similar to doors that allow blood to flow, ensures time and direction is right
27
Q
4 main valves of the heart
A
- Tricuspid valve
- Pulmonary valve
- Mitral valve
- Aortic valve
28
Q
Tricuspid valve
A
- Contains 3 thin tissue flaps (leaflets)
- Between right chambers of the heart
- Allows blood flow from right atrium to right ventricle
29
Q
Pulmonary valve
A
- Contains 3 thin tissue flaps (leaflets)
- Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
- Allows blood to be delivered to the lungs
30
Q
Mitral valve
A
- Contains 2 thin tissue flaps (leaflets)
- Between left chambers of the heart
- Allows blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle
31
Q
Aortic valve
A
- Contains 3 thin tissue flaps (leaflets)
- Between left ventricle and aorta
- Allows blood flow in the right direction from left ventricle to aorta to rest of body
32
Q
Cardiac cycle
A
Pressure changes within the heart that allows blood movement through heart chambers and body
33
Q
Events in the cardiac cycle
A
- Diastole
- Systole
34
Q
Diastole
A
- Heart relaxes causing blood to pool in the heart
- Lasts roughly 0.5-0.7 seconds
- Generally causes blood pressure to rise
35
Q
Systole
A
- Heart contracts which squeezes out blood collecting during diastole stage
- Lasts roughly 0.1 seconds
- Forces blood to leave through veins
36
Q
Veins
A
Pumps blood to the heart from the body
37
Q
Arteries
A
Pumps blood from the heart to the body
38
Q
Capillaries
A
Form connection between veins and arteries
39
Q
Double circulation system
A
- Pulmonary circulation
- Systemic circulation
40
Q
Pulmonary circulation
A
- Between heart and lungs
- Done by right side chambers
41
Q
Systematic circulation
A
- Between heart and rest of the body
- Done by left side chambers
42
Q
Journey of blood
A
- Deoxygenated blood is taken to right chambers
- Then taken to lungs to be oxygenated
- Then taken to left chambers where it is transported to the aorta artery
- Taken throughout the body where it becomes deoxygenated
- Taken to right chambers again
