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Science Test Revision Body Systems > Nervous/Sensory System > Flashcards

Nervous/Sensory System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

CNS

A

Central Nervous System

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A
  • To carry information from sensory organs and internal organs to CNS
  • To carry information between CNS and other parts of the body, excluding the brain and spinal cord
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3
Q

Somatic nervous system

A
  • Controls voluntary movement via skeletal muscles
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4
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A
  • Regulates involuntary movement of muscles of internal organs and glands (automatic functions)
  • Heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, arousal, digestion
  • Reflexes
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5
Q

Sense organs

A
  • Eyes: sense of sight
  • Nose: sense of smell
  • Tongue: sense of taste
  • Ears: sense of hearing and balance
  • Skin: sense of touch
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6
Q

Layers of skin

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Hypodermis
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7
Q

What is the hypodermis also called?

A

Subcutaneous tissue

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8
Q

Epidermis

A
  • Outer/top layer
  • Thinnest layer of skin
  • Composed of a stratified layer of flattened cells
  • Lacks blood cells
  • Can be found in plants
  • Provides water proof barrier
  • Makes skin tone with melanin
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9
Q

Dermis

A
  • Middle layer
  • Thickest layer of skin
  • Composed of dense irregular connective tissue
  • Is vascular (has blood vessels)
  • Is not found in plants
  • Supports elasticity, sweat glands and oil
  • Supplies nutrients to epidermis
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10
Q

Hypodermis

A
  • Insulates body
  • Contains energy
  • Links to muscles
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11
Q

Structure of an eye

A
  • Sclera
  • Pupil
  • Iris
  • Cornea
  • Lens
  • Retina
  • Optic nerve
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12
Q

Sclera

A
  • White part
  • Fibrous tissue
  • Protects eyeball
  • Maintains shape of eyeball
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13
Q

Pupil

A
  • Black centre of the eye
  • Changes size to let light into the eye
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14
Q

Iris

A
  • Coloured tissue that makes eye colour
  • Muscles in the iris control the opening size of the pupil
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15
Q

Cornea

A
  • Transparent cover over the pupil and iris
  • Focuses entry of light into the eye
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16
Q

Lens

A
  • Behind the pupil
  • Focuses light onto the retina at the back of the eye to obtain clear images of objects at various distances
17
Q

Retina

A
  • A layer of photoreceptor cells and glial cells
  • Cone cells - Helpful for seeing vivid colours in brightness
  • Rod cells - Helpful for seeing in dark conditions
  • Converts light that enters the eye into electrical signals that the optic nerve sent to the brain to create the images you see
18
Q

Parts of the ear

A
  • Outer ear
  • Middle ear
  • Inner ear
19
Q

Optic nerve

A
  • Transfers all information obtained by the eye to the brain
20
Q

Outer ear

A
  • Collects sound waves and channels them into the external auditory meatus (ear canal) where sound will be amplified
  • Pinna/auricle - external part of the ear
  • External auditory canal - tube that connects the outer ear to middle and inner ear
21
Q

Middle ear

A
  • Ossicles - small bones that transmit sound waves to the inner ear: Malleus, Incus, Stapes
  • Eustachian tube - connected to nose, stabilises middle ear pressure which is important for sound wave transmission
22
Q

Inner ear

A
  • Cochlea - detects sound low in frequency
  • Vestibule - contains receptors to maintain balance during rotational movements
  • Semicircular canals - 3 fluid-filled tubes that help you maintain balance during rotational movements
23
Q

How sound travels through the ear

A
  • Sound waves enter the outer ear (pinna/auricle)
  • Sound waves hit eardrum after travelling through the ear canal causing vibrations
  • Sound moves through the middle ear and sound waves are amplified
  • Sounds moves though the inner ear (cochlea) where vibrations are transformed into electrical signals by hair cells
  • Signal/sound is interpreted by brain
24
Q

Taste

A
  • Taste is detected with receptor cells known as taste buds
  • Different taste buds detect different taste sensations
  • Taste buds are evenly distributed across the tongue
25
Q

Smell

A
  • Detected by olfactory receptor
  • Humans detect smell from molecules, if an object has no molecules we cannot smell it
  • If the human or animal lacks the specific receptor for a molecule, it cannot be smelled by that person
26
Q

Taste buds

A

Taste buds and olfactory receptors are both found on the tongue which causes taste of food to occasionally linger in your nose

27
Q

Tactile receptors

A
  • Sensory neuron in the skin
  • Transmits light-touch or low frequency vibrations from the peripheral nervous system to the CNV
  • Possesses specialised endings that respond to mechanical stimuli
28
Q

Thermoreceptors

A
  • A sensory end organ
  • Detects heat and cold in the surrounding environment
  • Certain body parts’ skin has more thermoreceptors which makes those places more sensitive to heat
  • Separated into warm and cold, cold thermoreceptors are more common
29
Q

What is pain?

A

A warning mechanism to influence an organism to withdraw from harmful behaviour and activity

30
Q

How is pain detected and felt?

A
  • Nociception: When information that tissue damage has or may occur is relayed to the brain
  • Pain can be detected by tactile receptors but mostly by specialised nociceptors
31
Q

How is pain a protective mechanism?

A
  • It allows the organism to be aware of the location of damaged tissue to prevent it from gaining further damage
  • If pain could not be detected, a small injury could result in something much more severe due to the organism’s hypothetical ignorance of the damaged tissue

Science Test Revision Body Systems (5 decks)

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