Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Hormones?

A
  • Chemical messengers
  • Carry instructions from cell to cell
  • Controls energy used, salt and sugar levels
  • Control emotions, cycles, impulses
  • Transfers signals to organs, skin, tissue via blood
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2
Q

How do hormones work?

A
  • Released from gland and travels through bloodstream throughout the body until it reaches target destination
  • Hormones attach to a receptor cell and controls that specific cell
  • Receptor cells are paired with hormones by shape
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3
Q

Endocrine system

A
  • A hormone system
  • Consists of glands which release hormones
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4
Q

Principal endocrine glands

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary
  • Thyroid
  • Parathyroids
  • Adrenals
  • Pineal
  • Reproductive glands
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5
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • Located in the lower central part of the brain
  • Links endocrine and nervous system
  • Controls all states of the body by releasing hormones
  • Controls hunger, thirst, sleep, emotion, sex drive, etc
  • Keeps body in stable state known as homeostasis
  • Regulates heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature
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6
Q

Link between the endocrine system and the nervous system

A
  • Part of the brain therefore part of the nervous system
  • Releases some important hormones that control the pituitary gland hormone release
  • Produces hormones which stop and start the production of other hormones in the body
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7
Q

Pituitary Gland

A
  • Pea-sized
  • Located at the base of the brain under the hypothalamus
  • Creates many essential hormones: growth hormone, metabolism, reproduction
  • ‘Master gland’
  • Regulates the system by controlling several other endocrine glands
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8
Q

Thyroid

A
  • Located at the front part of lower neck
  • Creates thyroid hormones: thyroxine and triiodothyronine
  • Controls rate cells burn fuel from food
  • Thyroid hormones increase rate of chemical reactions in the body
  • Helps develop adolescent bones, nervous system, brain
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9
Q

Parathyroids

A
  • Four tiny glands connected to the bottom of thyroid gland
  • Releases parathyroid hormone: calcitonin (which controls calcium levels of blood)
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10
Q

Adrenals

A
  • 2 in the body, each on top of a kidney
  • Triangular
  • Creates several hormones to regulate functions: metabolism, blood pressure, response to stress
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11
Q

Pineal

A
  • Middle of the brain
  • Releases melatonin hormone, regulates sleep schedule
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12
Q

Reproductive glands

A
  • Testes (men) Ovaries (women)
  • Control: Puberty, menstrual cycle, reproduction
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13
Q

Important hormones

A

Glucagon, Insulin, Growth hormone, Adrenaline

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14
Q

Insulin

A
  • Regulates blood sugar levels/controls amount of glucose in bloodstream
  • Created by pancreas
  • Allows glucose to enter cells to generate energy
  • Stores glucose in the body
  • Released when blood sugar levels are high
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15
Q

Glucagon

A
  • Regulates blood sugar levels/controls amount of glucose in bloodstream
  • Created by pancreas
  • Released when blood sugar levels are low
  • Instructs liver to release stored glucose when sugar levels are low
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16
Q

Adrenaline

A
  • Triggers fight-or-flight response
  • Response to stress by: elevating blood pressure, quickening heartbeat
  • Sends signal to blood vessels to send more blood to brain
17
Q

Growth hormone

A
  • Produced by pituitary gland
  • Controls height, bone length, muscle growth
  • Stimulates cell reproduction
  • Signals other hormone to send more cells to specific body part for growth
18
Q

Glucagon vs Insulin

A
  • Glucagon is released when blood sugars are low
  • Insulin is released when blood sugars are high