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GOA > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

The Respiratory System is classified into two parts:

A
  1. Structural
  2. Functional
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2
Q

Structural Pulmonary System is composed of the following:

A

Upper Respiratory System- nose, nasal cavity, pharynx
Lower Respiratory System- trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs.

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3
Q

The functional Pulmonary System is composed of the following:

A
  1. Conducting Zone
  2. Respiratory Zone
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4
Q

It consists of all airways that carry air to the lungs

A

Conducting Zone

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5
Q

Site within lungs where gas exchange occurs:

A

Respiratory Zone

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6
Q

It is visible on the face and consists of supporting frameworks of bone and hyaline cartilage

A

External Nose

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7
Q

Opening that connects the nasal cavity to the pharynx

A

Internal Nares

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8
Q

Internal Nose

A

Nasal Cavity

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9
Q

Nostrils

A

External Nares

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10
Q

Divides the nose into two sides

A

Nasal Septum

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11
Q

It is covered by mucous membrane

A

Nasal Conchae

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12
Q

It is a groovelike air passageway

A

Nasal Meatus

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13
Q

A funnel shape tube is used for swallowing, speech, sound resonation, and passageway for air and food. Also, it houses the tonsils.

A

Pharynx

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14
Q

Three regions of pharynx:

A
  1. Nasopharynx- Upper
    2 Oropharynx- Middle
  2. Laryngopharynx- Lower
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15
Q

It is posterior to the nasal cavity and extends to the soft palate

A

Nasopharynx

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16
Q

The arch-shaped muscular partition between the nasopharynx and the oropharynx is lined with mucous membrane.

A

Soft Palate

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17
Q

Posterior to mouth

A

Oropharynx

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18
Q

It connects with both the esophagus and larynx: food and air

A

Laryngopharynx

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19
Q

V-shaped where Adam’s apple and Vocal cords strung here too and to arytenoids.

A

Thyroid Cartilage

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20
Q

It is a leaf-shaped piece that covers the airway.

A

Epiglottis

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21
Q

Inferior most portion and land mark for tracheostomy

A

Cricoid Carilage

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22
Q

It is superior to the cricoid and the most significant cartilage because it directly influences the vocal cords for speech.

A

Arytenoids

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23
Q

A wedge-shaped cartilage

A

Cuneiform

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24
Q

A horn-shaped cartilage

A

Corniculate

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25
How is sound/speech being produced?
Vestibular and Vocal folds aided by laryngeal muscles
26
False vocal cords that are activated while holding breath.
Vestibular Folds
27
True vocal cords that are responsible for the main sound or speech production
Vocal Folds
28
The louder the sound produced, __________.
the greater the pressure of air
29
1. Mainly made of 9 cartilages and a short connection between the pharynx and trachea. 2. another term of this structure.
1. Larynx 2. Voicebox
29
1. Anterior to esophagus until 5th thoracic vertebrae 2. Another term of this structure?
1. Trachea 2. Windpipe
30
The function of the Respiratory System
1. To provide oxygen to tissues 2. Remove carbon dioxide 3. Able to smell
31
How many lobes and fissure does the right lung have?
3 lobes and 2 fissures
32
How many lobes and fissure does the left lung have?
2 lobes and 1 fissure
33
Lungs are surrounded by ________.
Pleural Membrane
34
It is attached to the diaphragm and lining of the thoracic wall.
Parietal Pleura
35
It is attached to the lungs and the principal covering of the lungs.
Visceral Pleura
36
1. A broad inferior portion of the lungs 2. Where does it extend?
1. Base of the lungs 2. 6th intercostal cartilage anteriorly and 10th thoracic vertebra posteriorly
37
1. It is a narrow superior portion of the lungs. 2. Superior to where?
1. Apex of the lungs 2. Superior to medial 1/3 of the clavicle
38
It is where bronchi, pulmonary blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and exit.
Hilum of the lungs
39
Part of the lungs where the heart and blood vessels are situated.
Cardiac Notch
40
Small compartments of each bronchopulmonary segment of the lungs
Lobules
41
It is a cup-shaped outpouching of alveolar sacs.
Alveoli
42
Composed of types of cells in the alveoli
Alveoli Walls
43
It is composed of simple squamous epithelial cells; more abundant and the main site of gas exchange.
Type I Alveolar Cells
44
These are called septal cells and are composed of cuboidal epithelial cells that contain a surfactant
Type II Alveolar Cells
45
It is where the exchange of O2 and Co2 takes place by diffusion across the alveoli + capillary walls.
Respiratory Membrane
46
It is the moving of air in and out of the lungs.
Pulmonary Ventilation
47
Three Basic Steps in Respiration
1. Pulmonary Ventilation 2. External Respiration 3. Internal Respiration
48
It is the gas exchange between the alveoli of the lungs and pulmonary capillary
External Respiration
49
It is the gas exchange between blood and cells.
Internal Respiration
50
The primary muscle that raises the ribcage during ventilation.
Diaphragm
51
The accessory muscle during expiration.
Rectus Abdominis
52
Contraction of the diaphragm pulls the lower surfaces of the lungs downward.
Inhalation (Inspiration)
53
Passive recoil of the lungs and the muscles inside.
Exhalation (Expiration)
54
A pressure that is slightly lower than atmospheric pressure. (756 mmHg)
Intrapleural Pressure
55
Other factors affecting ventilation
1. Surface Tension 2. Lung Compliance 3. Airway Resistance
56
Factor affecting ventilation that should be greater to acquire more air resulting for the alveoli to maintain its structure during the process
Surface Tension
57
Factor that elasticity and surface tension helps the lungs to expand easily without restriction
Lung Compliance
58
A factor that follows the diameter of the blood vessels where the air passes through them.
Airway Resistance
59
What do you call in the absence of breathing?
Apnea
60
What do you call normal quiet breathing?
Eupnea
61
A slowed breathing
Bradypnea
62
A fast-paced breathing
Tachypnea
63
Of one single breath (500 mL)
Tidal Volume
64
The extra air volume can be inspired over and above the average tidal volume (3000 mL)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
65
It is the maximum extra volume of air that can be expired by forceful expiration after the normal tidal expiration. (1,100 mL)
Expiratory Reserve Volume
66
It is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after the most forceful expiration; this volume averages 1,200 mL
Residual Volume
67
Amount of air a person can breathe in, beginning at the average expiratory level and distending the lungs to the maximum amount.
Inspiratory Capacity
68
Amount of air that remains in the lungs at the end of normal expiration (2,300 ml)
Functional Residual Capacity
69
The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after first filling the lungs to their maximum extent and then expiring to the maximum extent (4,600 mL)
Vital Capacity
70
The maximum volume to which the lungs can be expanded with the greatest possible effort (5,800 mL)
Total Lung Capacity
71
Each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as if no other gases were present.
Dalton's Law
72
The quantity of a gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas and its solubility
Henry's Law

GOA (6 decks)

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