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GOA > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

A border or structure that separates from one layer to the other.

A

Skin

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2
Q

It is the largest organ of the organ system

A

Skin

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3
Q

The Integumentary system is composed of what?

A

Skin, hair, oil and sweat glands, nails and sensory receptors

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4
Q

The skin consist of 2 main parts:

A

Epidermis and Dermis

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5
Q

It is a superficial, thinner portion containing epithelial skin tissue.

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

It is a deeper, thicker portion of dense irregular connective tissue of the skin.

A

Dermis

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7
Q

What do you call the deep to the dermis but not part of the skin?

A

Hypodermis or Subcutaneous Layer

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8
Q

It is an epidermal cell that consists of 90% arranged in four or five layers and produces keratin.

A

Keratinocytes

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9
Q

It is the most abundant protein in the skin that protects it from trauma such as scratches, abrasions, heat, and others.

A

Keratin

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10
Q

8% of the cells produce the pigment melanin

A

Melanocytes

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11
Q

An amino acid that melanocytes simplify.

A

Tyrosine

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12
Q
  1. It participates in immune responses; it determines, locates, and destroys invaders that eat out normal cells in the skin.
  2. Where is it produced?
A
  1. Intraepidermal macrophages or Langerhans cells
  2. Red bone marrow
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13
Q

It detects touch and is responsible for sensation.

A

Merkel Cells or Tactile Epithelial Cells

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14
Q

State the strata in thin skin in order from deep to superficial

A
  1. Stratum Basale
  2. Stratum Spinosum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
  4. Stratum Corneum
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15
Q

State the strata in thick skin in order from superficial to deep

A
  1. Stratum Corneum
  2. Stratum Lucidum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
    4.Stratum Spinosum
  4. Stratum Basale
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15
Q

The deepest layer is composed of a single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes.

A

Stratum Basale or Stratum Germinativum

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16
Q

The function of Stratum Basale.

A

Stem cells undergo cell division to produce new keratinocytes for skin cells.

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17
Q

It consists of 8-10 layers of keratinocytes and some cells shrink and pull apart when prepared for a microscopic exam making them appear like thorn-like spines.

A

Stratum Spinosum

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18
Q
  1. A layer consisting of 3-5 flattened keratinocytes.
  2. This layer is undergoing ______.
A
  1. Stratum Granulosum
  2. Apoptosis
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19
Q

Presence of darkly staining granules of a protein called _____. Also, controls exit and entry of water and other foreign materials.

A

Keratohyalin

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20
Q

Water-repellant sealant

A

Grainy Layer

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21
Q

This layer is only present in the thick skin, such as fingertips, palms, and soles, and consists of 4-6 layers of flattened, transparent, dead keratinocytes.

A

Stratum Lucidum

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22
Q

Consist of 25-30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes on thin skin and more than 50 layers in thick skin.

A

Stratum Corneum

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23
Q

A process in which the newly formed cells in the stratum basale are slowly pushed to the surface as cell move from one epidermal layer to the next.

A

Keratinization

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24
It is excessive amount of keratinized cells shed from the skin of the scalp
Dandruff
25
A yellow-orange pigment that give egg yols and carots their color
Carotene
26
State the 2 regions of dermis
Papillary Region and Reticular Region
27
It is the part of the dermis that makes up about 1/5 of the thickness of the total layer and consists of areolar connective tissue containing fine elastic fibers.
Papillary Region (superficial)
28
Its surface area is significantly increased by small, finger-like projections called _______ that contain Meissner corpuscles and free nerve endings.
Dermal Papillae
29
Part of the dermis is attached to the subcutaneous layer, consisting of dense irregular connective tissue that contains bundle of collagen and coarse elastic fibers.
Reticular region
30
Attaches to the skin to underlying bone and muscle; supplies it with blood vessels and nerves
Subcutaneous layer or Hypodermis
31
Adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves, oil glands, and sweat are found in what part of the dermis?
Reticular Region
32
State the Accessory structures of the skin.
Hair, glands, and nails
33
It is an accessory structure of the skin that helps to protect the body.
Hair and nails
34
It is an accessory structure of the skin that helps to regulate blood temperature.
Sweat Glands
35
It is a thread of fuse, dead, keratinized epidermal cells that consist of a shaft, root, and follicle.
Hair or Pili
36
3 Layers of hair.
Inner medulla Middle Cortex Outer Cuticle
37
It is a layer of hair that is responsible for hair color.
Inner medulla
38
It is a layer of hair that forms the hair structure.
Middle Cortex
39
It is a layer of hair that covers the shaft.
Outer cuticle
40
It forms the base of the hair and receives nutrients from the dermal layers.
Hair hub
41
It is where hair growth starts.
Hair Matrix
42
It produces sebum, which moistens hair and waterproofs the skin.
Sebaceous Glands or Oil Glands
43
Under physiological or emotional stress, such as cold or fright, autonomic nerve endings stimulate ____ to contract, which pulls the hair shafts perpendicular to the skin.
Arrector pili muscles
44
Why does hair become white?
It results from the accumulation of air bubbles in the hair shaft.
45
A type of hair that babies have.
Lanugo Hair
46
It is a type of hair that is long, course, and heavily pigmented (normal hair in the body-head, brows, lashes)
Terminal Hair
47
A type of hair that is short, fine pale, and barely visible (body hair, baby hair).
Vellus Hair
48
They are single or groups of epithelial cells that secrete a substance.
Glands
49
These are hard, dead, keratinized epidermal cells covering the terminal portions of the fingers and toes.
Nails
50
Principal parts of a nail.
1. Nail body 2. Free edge 3. Nail root 4. Lunula 5. Hyponychium 6. Nail bed
51
Extensions of stratum corneum; pink in color because of the blood underneath
Nail body
52
The distal end part of the nail
Free Edge
53
Buried in the skin fold
Nail root
54
White-ish crescent shape
Lunula
55
It secures the nail to the fingertip
Hyponychium
56
It starts from lunula to hyponychium
Nail Bed
57
State the Functions of the skin.
1. Body temperature regulation 2. Protection 3. Cutaneous sensations 4. Excretion and absorption 5. Synthesis of Vitamin D
58
A small tubular structure of the skin that produce sweat.
Sudoriferous Glands
59
Where do you find apocrine sweat glands?
Found mainly in the axilla, groin, areolae, and bearded regions of the face in adult males.
60
It is the most prevalent sweat gland distributed throughout most of the body, especially the skin on the forehead, palms, and soles of the feet.
Eccrine Sweat Glands
61
1. It is present in the outer ear canal with a yellowish secretion. 2. What do they secrete?
1. Ceruminous Sweat Glands 2. Cerume or Earwax
61
State the three types of glands in the skin
1. Sebaceous Gland 2. Sudoriferous Gland 3. Ceruminous Gland
62
Stimulation of pain, temperature, touch, pressure, and tickle sensations.
Free Nerve Endings
63
A free nerve ending that intertwined in the hair follicles and stimulates mechanical movement and touch.
Hair follicle receptors
64
This receptor is located below the epidermis and is responsible for a light touch.
Merkel's Disc and Meissner's Corpuscle
65
Responsible for touch, pressure, and heat.
Ruffini's ending
66
Located in the subcutaneous layer of the skin and is responsible for pressure and vibrations.
Pacinian Corpuscles
67
Responsible for cold sensations.
Krause End Bulb
68
Types of Burn
1. Superficial Burn (epidermis) 2. Partial Thickness Burn (epidermis and upper part of the dermis) 3. Deep Partial Thickness Burn ( epidermis and almost part of the dermis) 4. Full Thickness Burn (Epidermis, Dermis, and upper part of the hypodermis)
69
It is a method of assessing the extent of a burn injury.
Rule of nines
70
Pressure Ulcer Stages
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Unstageable

GOA (6 decks)

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