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GOA > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

A border or structure that separates from one layer to the other.

A

Skin

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2
Q

It is the largest organ of the organ system

A

Skin

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3
Q

The Integumentary system is composed of what?

A

Skin, hair, oil and sweat glands, nails and sensory receptors

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4
Q

The skin consist of 2 main parts:

A

Epidermis and Dermis

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5
Q

It is a superficial, thinner portion containing epithelial skin tissue.

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

It is a deeper, thicker portion of dense irregular connective tissue of the skin.

A

Dermis

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7
Q

What do you call the deep to the dermis but not part of the skin?

A

Hypodermis or Subcutaneous Layer

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8
Q

It is an epidermal cell that consists of 90% arranged in four or five layers and produces keratin.

A

Keratinocytes

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9
Q

It is the most abundant protein in the skin that protects it from trauma such as scratches, abrasions, heat, and others.

A

Keratin

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10
Q

8% of the cells produce the pigment melanin

A

Melanocytes

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11
Q

An amino acid that melanocytes simplify.

A

Tyrosine

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12
Q
  1. It participates in immune responses; it determines, locates, and destroys invaders that eat out normal cells in the skin.
  2. Where is it produced?
A
  1. Intraepidermal macrophages or Langerhans cells
  2. Red bone marrow
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13
Q

It detects touch and is responsible for sensation.

A

Merkel Cells or Tactile Epithelial Cells

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14
Q

State the strata in thin skin in order from deep to superficial

A
  1. Stratum Basale
  2. Stratum Spinosum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
  4. Stratum Corneum
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15
Q

State the strata in thick skin in order from superficial to deep

A
  1. Stratum Corneum
  2. Stratum Lucidum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
    4.Stratum Spinosum
  4. Stratum Basale
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15
Q

The deepest layer is composed of a single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes.

A

Stratum Basale or Stratum Germinativum

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16
Q

The function of Stratum Basale.

A

Stem cells undergo cell division to produce new keratinocytes for skin cells.

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17
Q

It consists of 8-10 layers of keratinocytes and some cells shrink and pull apart when prepared for a microscopic exam making them appear like thorn-like spines.

A

Stratum Spinosum

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18
Q
  1. A layer consisting of 3-5 flattened keratinocytes.
  2. This layer is undergoing ______.
A
  1. Stratum Granulosum
  2. Apoptosis
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19
Q

Presence of darkly staining granules of a protein called _____. Also, controls exit and entry of water and other foreign materials.

A

Keratohyalin

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20
Q

Water-repellant sealant

A

Grainy Layer

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21
Q

This layer is only present in the thick skin, such as fingertips, palms, and soles, and consists of 4-6 layers of flattened, transparent, dead keratinocytes.

A

Stratum Lucidum

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22
Q

Consist of 25-30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes on thin skin and more than 50 layers in thick skin.

A

Stratum Corneum

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23
Q

A process in which the newly formed cells in the stratum basale are slowly pushed to the surface as cell move from one epidermal layer to the next.

A

Keratinization

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24
Q

It is excessive amount of keratinized cells shed from the skin of the scalp

A

Dandruff

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25
Q

A yellow-orange pigment that give egg yols and carots their color

A

Carotene

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26
Q

State the 2 regions of dermis

A

Papillary Region and Reticular Region

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27
Q

It is the part of the dermis that makes up about 1/5 of the thickness of the total layer and consists of areolar connective tissue containing fine elastic fibers.

A

Papillary Region (superficial)

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28
Q

Its surface area is significantly increased by small, finger-like projections called _______ that contain Meissner corpuscles and free nerve endings.

A

Dermal Papillae

29
Q

Part of the dermis is attached to the subcutaneous layer, consisting of dense irregular connective tissue that contains bundle of collagen and coarse elastic fibers.

A

Reticular region

30
Q

Attaches to the skin to underlying bone and muscle; supplies it with blood vessels and nerves

A

Subcutaneous layer or Hypodermis

31
Q

Adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves, oil glands, and sweat are found in what part of the dermis?

A

Reticular Region

32
Q

State the Accessory structures of the skin.

A

Hair, glands, and nails

33
Q

It is an accessory structure of the skin that helps to protect the body.

A

Hair and nails

34
Q

It is an accessory structure of the skin that helps to regulate blood temperature.

A

Sweat Glands

35
Q

It is a thread of fuse, dead, keratinized epidermal cells that consist of a shaft, root, and follicle.

A

Hair or Pili

36
Q

3 Layers of hair.

A

Inner medulla
Middle Cortex
Outer Cuticle

37
Q

It is a layer of hair that is responsible for hair color.

A

Inner medulla

38
Q

It is a layer of hair that forms the hair structure.

A

Middle Cortex

39
Q

It is a layer of hair that covers the shaft.

A

Outer cuticle

40
Q

It forms the base of the hair and receives nutrients from the dermal layers.

A

Hair hub

41
Q

It is where hair growth starts.

A

Hair Matrix

42
Q

It produces sebum, which moistens hair and waterproofs the skin.

A

Sebaceous Glands or Oil Glands

43
Q

Under physiological or emotional stress, such as cold or fright, autonomic nerve endings stimulate ____ to contract, which pulls the hair shafts perpendicular to the skin.

A

Arrector pili muscles

44
Q

Why does hair become white?

A

It results from the accumulation of air bubbles in the hair shaft.

45
Q

A type of hair that babies have.

A

Lanugo Hair

46
Q

It is a type of hair that is long, course, and heavily pigmented (normal hair in the body-head, brows, lashes)

A

Terminal Hair

47
Q

A type of hair that is short, fine pale, and barely visible (body hair, baby hair).

A

Vellus Hair

48
Q

They are single or groups of epithelial cells that secrete a substance.

A

Glands

49
Q

These are hard, dead, keratinized epidermal cells covering the terminal portions of the fingers and toes.

A

Nails

50
Q

Principal parts of a nail.

A
  1. Nail body
  2. Free edge
  3. Nail root
  4. Lunula
  5. Hyponychium
  6. Nail bed
51
Q

Extensions of stratum corneum; pink in color because of the blood underneath

A

Nail body

52
Q

The distal end part of the nail

A

Free Edge

53
Q

Buried in the skin fold

A

Nail root

54
Q

White-ish crescent shape

A

Lunula

55
Q

It secures the nail to the fingertip

A

Hyponychium

56
Q

It starts from lunula to hyponychium

A

Nail Bed

57
Q

State the Functions of the skin.

A
  1. Body temperature regulation
  2. Protection
  3. Cutaneous sensations
  4. Excretion and absorption
  5. Synthesis of Vitamin D
58
Q

A small tubular structure of the skin that produce sweat.

A

Sudoriferous Glands

59
Q

Where do you find apocrine sweat glands?

A

Found mainly in the axilla, groin, areolae, and bearded regions of the face in adult males.

60
Q

It is the most prevalent sweat gland distributed throughout most of the body, especially the skin on the forehead, palms, and soles of the feet.

A

Eccrine Sweat Glands

61
Q
  1. It is present in the outer ear canal with a yellowish secretion.
  2. What do they secrete?
A
  1. Ceruminous Sweat Glands
  2. Cerume or Earwax
61
Q

State the three types of glands in the skin

A
  1. Sebaceous Gland
  2. Sudoriferous Gland
  3. Ceruminous Gland
62
Q

Stimulation of pain, temperature, touch, pressure, and tickle sensations.

A

Free Nerve Endings

63
Q

A free nerve ending that intertwined in the hair follicles and stimulates mechanical movement and touch.

A

Hair follicle receptors

64
Q

This receptor is located below the epidermis and is responsible for a light touch.

A

Merkel’s Disc and Meissner’s Corpuscle

65
Q

Responsible for touch, pressure, and heat.

A

Ruffini’s ending

66
Q

Located in the subcutaneous layer of the skin and is responsible for pressure and vibrations.

A

Pacinian Corpuscles

67
Q

Responsible for cold sensations.

A

Krause End Bulb

68
Q

Types of Burn

A
  1. Superficial Burn (epidermis)
  2. Partial Thickness Burn (epidermis and upper part of the dermis)
  3. Deep Partial Thickness Burn ( epidermis and almost part of the dermis)
  4. Full Thickness Burn (Epidermis, Dermis, and upper part of the hypodermis)
69
Q

It is a method of assessing the extent of a burn injury.

A

Rule of nines

70
Q

Pressure Ulcer Stages

A

Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Unstageable

GOA (6 decks)

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