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GOA > Blood vessels for Moving Exam > Flashcards

Blood vessels for Moving Exam Flashcards

1
Q

It carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to other organs.

A

Arteries

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2
Q

Smaller branches of arteries

A

Arterioles

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3
Q

Allow the exchange of substances between blood and tissue

A

Capillaries

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4
Q

Tiny veins

A

Venules

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5
Q

It is large blood vessels that convey blood from the tissues back to the heart.

A

Veins

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6
Q

3 Main Walls of the Blood Vessels

A
  1. Tunica Interna
  2. Tunic Media
  3. Tunica Externa
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7
Q
  1. A blood vessel’s inner wall directly interacts with blood as it flows through the lumen.
A

Tunica Interna

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8
Q

Parts of tunica interna:

A
  1. Endothelium
  2. Basement membrane
  3. Inner Elastic Lamina
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9
Q

The innermost layer of tunica interna and composed of a thin layer of flattened cells which line the inner surface of the entire cardiovascular system.

A

Endothelium

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10
Q

It provides a physical support base for the epithelial layer and anchors the endothelium to the underlying connective tissue.

A

Basement Membrane

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11
Q
  • It is the outermost part of tunica interna and acts as boundary between the tunica interna and tunica media.
  • Responsible for elasticity.
A

Internal Elastic Lamina

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12
Q

It is situated at the middle layer and composed of muscular and connective tissue layer that displays the greatest variation among the different blood vessels.

A

Tunica Media

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13
Q

It decreases stimulation of the nervous system’s sympathetic division and increases the lumen’s size.

A

Vasodilation

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14
Q

It increases stimulation of the nervous systems sympathetic division and decreases the size of the lumen.

A

Vasoconstriction

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15
Q

Network of elastic fibers that separates
the tunica media from tunica externa

A

External Elastic Lumina

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16
Q

Superficial layer; outer covering of blood
vessel and consists of elastic and collagen fiber which helps anchor vessels to surrounding tissue

A

Tunica Externa

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17
Q
  • Resist high blood pressure
  • Has high compliance (walls would
    stretch easily without tearing due to
    elastic fibers)
  • Maintains round shape
  • Carries oxygenated-rich blood away
    from the heart to the other organs of the
    body
A

Artery

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18
Q

Three categories of the arteries

A

. Elastic Arteries (conducting)
2. Muscular Arteries
3. Resistance Arteries

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19
Q

It delivers/conducts blood to the medium-sized and more muscular arteries. It is the largest arteries in the body.

A

Elastic Arteries/Conducting Arteries

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20
Q

Ballooning of the blood vessels and bulge caused by weakness in the blood vessel walls, usually where it branches.

A

Aneurysm

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21
Q

It is a medium-sized artery and arise from the large elastic arteries (branches) and distributes blood to various tissues and organs via arterioles and capillaries.

A

Muscular Arteries

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21
Q

It is a medium-sized artery and arises from the large elastic arteries (branches) and distributes blood to various tissues and organs via arterioles and capillaries.

A

Muscular Arteries

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22
Q

A union of branches of two or more arteries supplying one organ

A

Anastosomes

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23
Q

It is the smallest artery and leads to capillary beds via vasodilation and constriction

A

Arterioles/ Resistance Arteries

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24
Q

These are called exchange vessels and are the smallest blood vessels (5-9 micrometers)

A

Capillaries

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25
Q

Intermittent relaxation and contraction of capillaries, which may occur 5-10 times.

A

Vasomotion

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26
Q

3 types of Capillaries

A
  1. Continuous Capillaries
  2. Fenestrated Capillaries
  3. Sinusoid Capillaries
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27
Q
  1. Most of the capillaries are composed of endothelial cells, which have tight junctions. These are interrupted only with intercellular clefts.
  2. Where is this found?
A
  1. Continuous Capillaries.
  2. CNS, Lungs, Skin, Muscle tissue
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28
Q
  1. Pores where water and small solutes go out.
  2. Where is this found?
A
  1. Fenestrated Capillaries.
  2. Kidneys, Villi of Small intestines, most endocrine gland
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29
Q
  1. Wider and more winding than other capillaries, which have large intercellular clefts
  2. Where is this found?
A
  1. Sinusoids
  2. Spleen, Liver, Anterior Pituitary Gland
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30
Q

It allows fluids and white blood to pass from the bloodstream to tissues.

A

Venules

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31
Q

Also known as a capacitance vessel and is formed when venules converge. Composed of three tunics.

A

Veins

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32
Q

It is the result of damaged valves

A

Varicose veins

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33
Q

What happens when arteries are cut?

A

Blood will spurt rapidly because of the high pressure in the arteries

34
Q

What happens when veins are cut?

A

Blood will become slow because of the low pressure

35
Q

Blood Distribution

A

Pulmonary Vessels- 9%
Heart- 7%
Systemic Arteries and Arterioles- 13%
Systemic Capillaries- 7%
Systemic Veins and Venules- 64%

36
Q

Types of veins from smallest to largest

A
  1. Postcapillary Venules
  2. Muscular Venules
  3. Medium Veins
  4. Venous Veins
  5. Large Veins
37
Q

It receives blood from capillaries

A

Postcapillary venules

38
Q

It receive blood from postcapillary venules

A

Muscular Venules

39
Q

It has venous valves (e.g. radius and ulnar veins)

A

Medium Veins

40
Q

Specialized, flattened veins with
extremely thin walls

A

Venous Sinuses

41
Q

10 mm diameter Veins

A

Large Veins

42
Q

A short loop that runs from the heart to the lungs
to heart

A

Pulmonary Circulation

43
Q
  • Routes blood through a long loop to all
    parts of the body and return to the heart
  • Heart to system
A

Systemic Circulation

44
Q
  1. All are branches from aorta
  2. It supplies to where?
A
  1. Arterial Branches of Systemic Circulation
  2. Arms, head, lower limbs, and all
    viscera with oxygen from the
    lung
45
Q

4 Major Branches of Aorta

A
  • Ascending aorta
  • Arch or aorta
  • Thoracic aorta
  • Abdominal aorta
46
Q

It leaves the left ventricle and supplies the heart. What type of branch of the aorta is this?

A

Ascending Aorta

47
Q

These are Brachiocephalic, Common Carotid, and Subclavian Arteries and supplies the head and upper limbs.

A

Arch of Aorta

48
Q

Arch of aorta to diaphragm

A

Thoracic Aorta

49
Q

It branches down to the left and right common iliac arteries and supplies the abdominal area then will divide to supply to the lower extremities.

A

Abdominal Aorta

50
Q

Ascending Aorta branches to

A

Left and Right Coronary Arteries

51
Q

3 Branches of the Arch of Aorta

A
  1. Brachiocephalic Artery (Right subclavian and right common carotid artery)
  2. Left Common Carotid Artery
  3. Left Subclavian Artery
52
Q

It supplies blood to the superficial structure of the skull

A

External Carotid Artery

53
Q

It supplies blood to the brain

A

Internal Carotid Artery

54
Q

It supplies the lateral structures of the brain.

A

Middle Cerebral Artery

55
Q

It supplies the medial structures of the brain.

A

Anterior cerebral artery

56
Q

It supplies blood into the eyes.

A

Opthalmic Artery

57
Q

It supplies the posterior part of the brain and starts the posterior circulation.

A

Vertebral Artery

58
Q

Components of Circle of Willis

A
  • Internal carotid arteries
  • Anterior cerebral arteries (connected by
    anterior communicating artery)
  • Anterior communicating artery
  • Posterior communicating artery
  • Posterior cerebral artery
59
Q

Right vertebral artery > axillary artery > brachial
artery > radial and ulnar artery > palmar >
metacarpal > digits

A

Subclavian Artery

60
Q

Two branches of the Thoracic Aorta

A
  1. Visceral Branches
  2. Parietal Branches
61
Q

supplies blood to the viscera or organs

A

Visceral Branches

62
Q

supply blood to the body wall structures

A

Parietal Branches

63
Q

Visceral branches composed of:

A
  1. Pericardial Branch
  2. Bronchial Branch
  3. Esophageal Branch
  4. Mediastinal Branch
64
Q

It supplies blood to the pericardial sac

A

Pericardial Branch

65
Q

Supplies tissues of the bronchial
tree down to the alveolar ducts

A

Bronchial Branch

66
Q

Supplies mediastinum, primary, connective tissue and lymph nodes

A

Mediastinal

67
Q

Parietal branches branch out to;

A

Posterior Intercostal
Subcostal
Superior Phrenic- supplies blood to skin, muscles, ribs and thoracic vertebra

68
Q

It supplies the ileum and jejunum

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

69
Q

It supplies the right large intestine

A

Right Colic Artery

70
Q

It supplies the duodenum

A

Celiac Artery

70
Q

It supplies the transverse colon

A

Middle Colic Artery

71
Q

It supplies blood to the kidney

A

Renal Artery

72
Q

It supplies blood to ovaries

A

Ovarian Artery

73
Q

It supplies blood to descending colon of large intestine

A

Left colic Artery

74
Q

Supplies blood to pelvis and buttocks

A

Right internal Iliac Artery

75
Q

Supplies blood to lower extremity.

A

Right External Iliac Artery

76
Q

It drains blood from the entire body and returns it to the right side of the heart.

A

Veins of Systemic Circulation

77
Q

ALL VENOUS BLOOD drains either in:

A

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava/Coronary Sinus

78
Q

It drains the head and upper extremity.

A

Superior Vena Cava

79
Q

All empty into the right atrium of the heart

A

Major Systemic Vein

80
Q

Drains the abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs

A

Inferior Vena Cava

81
Q

Drains the head and neck into the superior vena cava

A

External and Internal Jugular Vein

82
Q

Drains the cardiac muscle back to the heart

A

Coronary Sinus

GOA (6 decks)

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