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GOA > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Location of the heart

A
  1. Mediastinum (the thoracic cavity between two lungs)
  2. 2/3 to left side of the midline
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2
Q
  1. It is formed by the tip of the left ventricle and rests on the diaphragm.
  2. This is directed ____, _____, and ____.
A
  1. Apex
  2. Anteriorly, inferiorly, and to the left.
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3
Q

It is found in the posterior aspect and is formed by the heart’s atria, mostly the left atrium.

A
  1. Base
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4
Q

It is a membrane that surrounds and protects the heart. The fibrous sac protects the heart.

A

Pericardium

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5
Q

Two types of the pericardium

A
  1. Fibrous Pericardium
  2. Serous Pericardium
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6
Q

It is composed of tough, inelastic dense irregular tissue that anchors the heart in place and prevents the heart from overstretching.

A

Fibrous Pericardium

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7
Q

The innermost layer and more delicate membrane form a double layer around the heart.

A

Serous Pericardium

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8
Q

State the layers of the serous pericardium.

A
  1. Parietal Layer
  2. Visceral Layer (Epicardium)
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9
Q

It is fused to fibrous pericardium/outer serous

A

Parietal Layer

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10
Q

This layer adheres tightly to the heart and covers directly the heart.

A

Visceral Layer/Epicardium

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11
Q

A thin film of the lubricating serous fluid reduces friction during the beat and can be found between the two types of serous pericardium.

A

Pericardial Fluid

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12
Q
  1. It is a space that contains a few mL of pericardial fluid
  2. What is the normal mL of Pericardial fluid?
A
  1. Pericardial Cavity
  2. 50 mL
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13
Q

If the pericardial fluid is less than 50 mL, it will result to?

A

Pericarditis

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14
Q

State the layers of the heart.

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium
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15
Q

The most outer layer and composed of two tissue layers; a visceral layer of the serous pericardium and the mesothelium. It contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and vessels that supply the myocardium.

A

Epicardium

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16
Q

A cardiac muscle that is responsible for the pumping action of the heart (95% of the heart wall)

A

Myocardium

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17
Q

The inner layer covers the heart’s valves and minimizes surface friction as blood passes through the heart.

A

Endocardium

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18
Q

It is involuntary and striated.

A

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

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19
Q

Inflammation of the myocardium

A

Myocarditis

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20
Q

State the four chambers of the heart.

A
  1. Right Atrium
  2. Right Ventricle
  3. Left Atrium
  4. Left Ventricle
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21
Q

It is a series of grooves on the surface of the heart that contains coronary blood vessels and a variable amount of fat.

A

Sulci

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22
Q

It encircles most of the heart and marks the external boundary between superior atria and inferior ventricles

A

Coronary Sulcus

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23
Q

A shallow groove on the anterior surface of the heart marks the external boundary between the ventricles.

A

Anterior interventricular sulcus

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24
Q

A shallow groove on the heart’s posterior surface marks the external boundary between the ventricles.

A

Posterior interventricular sulcus

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25
Q

It separates the two atria.

A

Interatrial septum

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26
Q

Wrinkled pouchlike structure on the anterior surface of each atrium that increases the capacity of the atrium to hold a more tremendous amount of volume

A

Auricle

27
Q

It receives blood from the three veins; superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus.

A

Right Atrium

28
Q

It causes the inside of the anterior wall to become rough (muscular ridges)

A

Pectinate muscles

29
Q

Oval depression that is a remnant of foramen ovalis

A

Fossa Ovalis

30
Q

It receives blood from the lungs through 4 pulmonary veins.

A

Left Atrium

31
Q

It receives blood from the right atrium and delivers blood to the pulmonary trunk via the pulmonary valve.

A

Right Ventricle

32
Q

Raised bundles of cardiac muscle fibers form a series of ventricle ridges.

A

Trabeculae Carneae

33
Q

Tendon-like cords where the cusps of tricuspid valves are connected.

A

Chordae Tendineae

34
Q

Con-shaped trabeculae carneae where it pulls the chordae tendineae

A

Papillary Muscles

35
Q

It separates the two ventricles.

A

Interventricular Septum

36
Q

What chamber pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the body?

A

Left ventricle

37
Q

During fetal life, it shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta; it usually closes shortly after birth leaving a remnant called as

A

Ductus Arteriosus

38
Q

It connects the arch of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk.

A

Ligamentum Arteriosum

39
Q

It carries blood away from the heart (oxygenated blood).

A

Arteries

40
Q

It carries blood towards the heart (deoxygenated blood)

A

Veins

41
Q

It delivers deoxygenated blood to the Right atrium from the body.

A

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

42
Q

A valve between right atrium and right ventricle

A

Tricuspid Valve

43
Q

A valve between right ventricle to pulmonary trunk

A

Pulmonary Valve

44
Q

A valve between the left atrium and to left ventricle

A

Bicuspid/Mitral Valve

45
Q

A valve between the left ventricle and to the aorta

A

Aortic Valve

46
Q

State the blood flow in the heart.

A

Superior and Inferior vena cava-> Right Atrium-> Tricuspid Valve-> Right Ventricle-> Pulmonary Valve -> Pulmonary Trunk-> Pulmonary Arteries-> Lungs-> Pulmonary Veins-> Left Atrium-> Bicuspid Valve-> Left Ventricle-> Aortic Valve-> Aorta-> different parts of the body

47
Q

It is designed to prevent backflow in response to pressure changes.

A

Valves

48
Q

Valves between atria and ventricles

A

Atrioventricular valves

49
Q

Valves near the origin of the aorta and pulmonary trunk

A

Semilunar Valves

50
Q

Blood flow to the right side of the heart, which receives all of the dark-red deoxygenated blood returning from systemic circulation.

A

Pulmonary Circulation

51
Q

Blood flow to the left side of the heart receives bright red oxygenated blood from the lungs.

A

Systemic Circulation

51
Q

Blood flow through vessels in the myocardium.

A

Coronary Circulation

52
Q

Branches from aorta and encircles the heart and carry blood throughout the muscle

A

Left and right coronary arteries

53
Q

It is a partial obstruction of blood flow in the coronary arteries that may cause hypoxia

A

Myocardial Ischemia

54
Q

Aka heart attack; complete obstruction to blood flow in a coronary artery

A

Myocardial Infarction

55
Q

Source of electrical activity that has a network of specialized cardiac muscle fiber

A

Autorhythmic fibers

56
Q

It sets the rhythm of the electrical excitation that causes the contraction of the heart.

A

Pacemaker

57
Q

A system that has a network of specialized muscles found in the heart’s wall. These muscles send signals to the rest of the heart muscle causing contraction.

A

Cardiac Conduction System

58
Q

Primary pacemaker and found in the right atrium

A

Sinoatrial Node

59
Q

It slows the junctional node behind the tricuspid valve-provides time for the atria to empty their blood into the ventricles, most common site for lesions.

A

Atrioventricular Node

60
Q

Most common site of lesions for heart blocks–interventricular septum.

A

AV bundles (Bundle of His)

61
Q

Conduct the action potential beginning at the apex of the heart upward to the remainder of the ventricular myocardium and the largest pacemaker in the heart.

A

Purkinje Fibers

62
Q

Contraction of the heart.

A

Systole

63
Q

Relaxation of the heart.

A

Diastole

GOA (6 decks)

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