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GOA > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Location of the heart

A
  1. Mediastinum (the thoracic cavity between two lungs)
  2. 2/3 to left side of the midline
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2
Q
  1. It is formed by the tip of the left ventricle and rests on the diaphragm.
  2. This is directed ____, _____, and ____.
A
  1. Apex
  2. Anteriorly, inferiorly, and to the left.
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3
Q

It is found in the posterior aspect and is formed by the heart’s atria, mostly the left atrium.

A
  1. Base
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4
Q

It is a membrane that surrounds and protects the heart. The fibrous sac protects the heart.

A

Pericardium

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5
Q

Two types of the pericardium

A
  1. Fibrous Pericardium
  2. Serous Pericardium
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6
Q

It is composed of tough, inelastic dense irregular tissue that anchors the heart in place and prevents the heart from overstretching.

A

Fibrous Pericardium

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7
Q

The innermost layer and more delicate membrane form a double layer around the heart.

A

Serous Pericardium

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8
Q

State the layers of the serous pericardium.

A
  1. Parietal Layer
  2. Visceral Layer (Epicardium)
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9
Q

It is fused to fibrous pericardium/outer serous

A

Parietal Layer

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10
Q

This layer adheres tightly to the heart and covers directly the heart.

A

Visceral Layer/Epicardium

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11
Q

A thin film of the lubricating serous fluid reduces friction during the beat and can be found between the two types of serous pericardium.

A

Pericardial Fluid

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12
Q
  1. It is a space that contains a few mL of pericardial fluid
  2. What is the normal mL of Pericardial fluid?
A
  1. Pericardial Cavity
  2. 50 mL
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13
Q

If the pericardial fluid is less than 50 mL, it will result to?

A

Pericarditis

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14
Q

State the layers of the heart.

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium
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15
Q

The most outer layer and composed of two tissue layers; a visceral layer of the serous pericardium and the mesothelium. It contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and vessels that supply the myocardium.

A

Epicardium

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16
Q

A cardiac muscle that is responsible for the pumping action of the heart (95% of the heart wall)

A

Myocardium

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17
Q

The inner layer covers the heart’s valves and minimizes surface friction as blood passes through the heart.

A

Endocardium

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18
Q

It is involuntary and striated.

A

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

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19
Q

Inflammation of the myocardium

A

Myocarditis

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20
Q

State the four chambers of the heart.

A
  1. Right Atrium
  2. Right Ventricle
  3. Left Atrium
  4. Left Ventricle
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21
Q

It is a series of grooves on the surface of the heart that contains coronary blood vessels and a variable amount of fat.

A

Sulci

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22
Q

It encircles most of the heart and marks the external boundary between superior atria and inferior ventricles

A

Coronary Sulcus

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23
Q

A shallow groove on the anterior surface of the heart marks the external boundary between the ventricles.

A

Anterior interventricular sulcus

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24
Q

A shallow groove on the heart’s posterior surface marks the external boundary between the ventricles.

A

Posterior interventricular sulcus

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25
It separates the two atria.
Interatrial septum
26
Wrinkled pouchlike structure on the anterior surface of each atrium that increases the capacity of the atrium to hold a more tremendous amount of volume
Auricle
27
It receives blood from the three veins; superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus.
Right Atrium
28
It causes the inside of the anterior wall to become rough (muscular ridges)
Pectinate muscles
29
Oval depression that is a remnant of foramen ovalis
Fossa Ovalis
30
It receives blood from the lungs through 4 pulmonary veins.
Left Atrium
31
It receives blood from the right atrium and delivers blood to the pulmonary trunk via the pulmonary valve.
Right Ventricle
32
Raised bundles of cardiac muscle fibers form a series of ventricle ridges.
Trabeculae Carneae
33
Tendon-like cords where the cusps of tricuspid valves are connected.
Chordae Tendineae
34
Con-shaped trabeculae carneae where it pulls the chordae tendineae
Papillary Muscles
35
It separates the two ventricles.
Interventricular Septum
36
What chamber pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the body?
Left ventricle
37
During fetal life, it shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta; it usually closes shortly after birth leaving a remnant called as
Ductus Arteriosus
38
It connects the arch of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk.
Ligamentum Arteriosum
39
It carries blood away from the heart (oxygenated blood).
Arteries
40
It carries blood towards the heart (deoxygenated blood)
Veins
41
It delivers deoxygenated blood to the Right atrium from the body.
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
42
A valve between right atrium and right ventricle
Tricuspid Valve
43
A valve between right ventricle to pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary Valve
44
A valve between the left atrium and to left ventricle
Bicuspid/Mitral Valve
45
A valve between the left ventricle and to the aorta
Aortic Valve
46
State the blood flow in the heart.
Superior and Inferior vena cava-> Right Atrium-> Tricuspid Valve-> Right Ventricle-> Pulmonary Valve -> Pulmonary Trunk-> Pulmonary Arteries-> Lungs-> Pulmonary Veins-> Left Atrium-> Bicuspid Valve-> Left Ventricle-> Aortic Valve-> Aorta-> different parts of the body
47
It is designed to prevent backflow in response to pressure changes.
Valves
48
Valves between atria and ventricles
Atrioventricular valves
49
Valves near the origin of the aorta and pulmonary trunk
Semilunar Valves
50
Blood flow to the right side of the heart, which receives all of the dark-red deoxygenated blood returning from systemic circulation.
Pulmonary Circulation
51
Blood flow to the left side of the heart receives bright red oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Systemic Circulation
51
Blood flow through vessels in the myocardium.
Coronary Circulation
52
Branches from aorta and encircles the heart and carry blood throughout the muscle
Left and right coronary arteries
53
It is a partial obstruction of blood flow in the coronary arteries that may cause hypoxia
Myocardial Ischemia
54
Aka heart attack; complete obstruction to blood flow in a coronary artery
Myocardial Infarction
55
Source of electrical activity that has a network of specialized cardiac muscle fiber
Autorhythmic fibers
56
It sets the rhythm of the electrical excitation that causes the contraction of the heart.
Pacemaker
57
A system that has a network of specialized muscles found in the heart's wall. These muscles send signals to the rest of the heart muscle causing contraction.
Cardiac Conduction System
58
Primary pacemaker and found in the right atrium
Sinoatrial Node
59
It slows the junctional node behind the tricuspid valve-provides time for the atria to empty their blood into the ventricles, most common site for lesions.
Atrioventricular Node
60
Most common site of lesions for heart blocks--interventricular septum.
AV bundles (Bundle of His)
61
Conduct the action potential beginning at the apex of the heart upward to the remainder of the ventricular myocardium and the largest pacemaker in the heart.
Purkinje Fibers
62
Contraction of the heart.
Systole
63
Relaxation of the heart.
Diastole

GOA (6 decks)

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