Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GOA > Endocrine System for Moving Exam > Flashcards

Endocrine System for Moving Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine Glands include the following:

A

Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, and Pineal Glands, Thymus Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give me the function of hormones:

A
  1. Help regulate chemical composition and volume of internal environment, metabolism, and energy balance; contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle fibers; Glandular secretions; and immune activities.
  2. Control growth and development
  3. Regulate operation and reproductive systems
  4. Help establish circadian (sleep-wake cycle) rhythms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

It is a mediator of the endocrine system that controls body activities.

A

Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

It is a molecule that is released from one part in one part of the body but regulates the activity of cells in other parts of the body

A

Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Secrete their products into ducts that carry the secretions into body cavities into the lumen of an organ, or to the outer surface of the body.

A

Exocrine Glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the characteristics of the nervous system and endocrine systems?

A

Molecules
Site of action
Types of target cells
Time to onset of action
Duration of action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Secrete their products into the interstitial fluid surrounding the secretory cells rather than into ducts.

A

Endocrine Glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the formula of the Endocrine Glands?

A

Secreting Cell==> Hormone it secretes==> Target cell of that hormone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do you call to hormones that are present in excess, but the number of target cell receptors decreases and make the target cells less sensitive to a hormone?

A

Down-regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When a hormone is deficient, the number of target cells receptors may increase and make the target cells more sensitive to a hormone.

A

Up-regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 factors that the responsiveness of a target cell to a hormone depends on it.

A
  1. Hormone concentration in the blood
  2. The abundance of the target cell’s hormone receptors.
  3. Influence exerted by the hormones.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The actions of some hormones on the target
cells require a simultaneous or recent
exposure to a second hormone.One can function without another hormone, however, just weakly;
presence of a helping or another
hormone just stimulates it to be more
powerful than it is alone.

A

Permissive Effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The effect of two hormones acting
together is greater or more extensive
then the effect of each hormone acting
alone. Without one of the hormones, the other
won’t work.

A

Synergistic Effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

One hormone opposes the actions of
another hormone

A

Antagonistic Effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

It is the primary link between the nervous and endocrine systems and is connected to the pituitary gland by a stalk.

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

It helps in releasing other hormones.

A

Releasing Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

It inhibits the release of other hormones.

A

Inhibiting Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hypothalamus secretes five releasing hormones. State those five releasing hormones.

A
  1. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
  2. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
  3. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
  4. Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)
  5. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hypothalamus produces two inhibiting hormones, which suppress the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones. State those two inhibiting hormones.

A
  1. Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
  2. Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This is also known as somatocrinin which stimulates the secretion of the growth hormone.

A

Growth hormone-releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

It stimulates the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormones.

A

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

It stimulates the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone.

A

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stimulates the secretion of prolactin

A

Prolactin-releasing hormone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stimulates the secretion of FSH and LH

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Also known as somatostatin, it suppresses the secretion of growth hormones.
Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone
25
Also known as dopamine, it suppresses the secretion of prolactin.
Prolactin-inhibiting hormone
26
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone GHRH- what is the target cell?
Somatotrophs
27
Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone-GHIH What is the target cell?
Somatotrophs
28
what is secreting cell for all releasing and inhibiting hormones?
Hypothalamus
29
Thyrotropin- TRH what is the target cell?
thyrotrophs
30
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone-what is the target cell?
Corticotrophs
31
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone- What is the target cell?
Gonadatrophs
32
Prolactin Releasing Hormone- What is the target cell?
Lactotrophs
33
Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone-What is the target cell?
Lactotrophs
34
Where are all cells located that hormones released from the hypothalamus target?
Anterior Pituitary Gland
35
what is the effect of GHRH on the target cell?
trigger release of growth hormone
36
What is the effect of GHIH on the target cell?
Stop release of growth hormone
37
What is the effect of TRH on the target cell?
Trigger release of TSH Thyroid stimulating hormone
38
What is the effect of CRH at target cell?
Trigger release of ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone
39
What is the effect of GnRH at the target cell?
Release FSH follicle stimulating Hormone and Release LH luteinizing hormone
40
What is the effect of PRH on the target cell?
Release PRL (prolactin)
41
What is the effect of PIH on the target cell?
Stop or decrease PRL secretion
42
What cells does the GH growth hormone target?
Bone, Muscle, Cartilage, Liver
43
What effect does GH have on the target cell?
Release IGH insulin like growth factor
44
What cells does TSH target?
Thyroid follicle cells
45
What effect does TSH have on target cells?
Release of t3 and t4 triiodothyronine and thyroxine
46
What cell does ACTH target?
zona fasciculata of Adrenal Gland
47
What effect does ACTH have on the target cell?
Release of Cortisol
48
What cell does PRL target?
Glandular Epithelia in breasts
49
What effect does PRL have on the target cell?
Synthesis of milk
50
What cell do FSH and LH target?
Gonads
51
what effect do FSH and LH have on target cells?
FSH finds target, leads to development of sperm or egg (gamete) LH leads to estrogen and testosterone production
52
State the five hormone-synthesizing-secreting cells
1. Somatotrophs 2. Thyrotrophs 3. Gonadotrophs 4. Lactotrophs 5. Corticotrophs
53
The name of the portal system indicates the location of the second capillary network.
Hypophyseal Portal System
54
Two types of the pituitary gland
Anterior Pituitary Gland Posterior Pituitary Gland
55
1. It accounts for about 75% of the total weight of the gland and is composed of epithelial tissue. This gland is an actual endocrine tissue. 2. What other term does it called? 3. What does it secrete?
1. Anterior Pituitary Gland 2. Adenohypophysis 3. Classic Hormones
56
1. This gland is composed of neural tissue 2. What other term does it called? 3. What does it secrete?
1. Posterior Pituitary Gland 2. Neurohypophysis 3. Neurohormones
57
Clinical Implications for Anterior Pituitary Gland
1. Acromegaly 2. Gigantism 3. Dwarfism
58
It is an abnormality that increases GH during adult life.
Acromegaly
59
It is an abnormality that increases GH during childhood.
Gigantism
60
It is an abnormality that decreases GH during childhood.
Dwarfism.
61
1. What gland does not synthesize hormones? 2. What hormones that it releases?
1. Posterior Pituitary Gland 2. Oxytocin and ADH (Anti-diuretic Hormone)
62
Secretion is stimulated by uterine stretch by suckling of nipples during nursing and stimulates milk ejection.
Oxytocin
63
1. It stimulates the reabsorption of water in the collecting duct and increases blood pressure. 2. Also known as?
1. Anti-diuretic hormone. 2. Vasopressin/Arginine Vasopressin
64
1. It is butterfly-shaped, just below the larynx (voice box), and composed of the right and left lobes connected by an isthmus. 2. What hormones does it release?
1. Thyroid Gland 2. Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) and Calcitonin
65
It regulates oxygen use, metabolic rate, cellular metabolism, and growth and development.
Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine
66
It lowers the blood level of calcium, and its secretion is controlled by the level of calcium in the blood.
Calcitonin
67
Clinical Implications for Thyroid Gland
1. Hyperthyroidism 2. Hypothyroidism 3. Myxedema
68
A gland that is embedded on the posterior surface of the thyroid
Parathyroid Gland
69
What hormone does Parathyroid Gland secrete?
Parathyroid Hormone
70
It is produced by chief cells and regulates calcium and magnesium homeostasis. and phosphate by increasing blood calcium and magnesium levels and decreasing phosphate levels.
Parathyroid hormone
71
It is a flattened organ located in the curve of the duodenum. It has both endocrine and exocrine glands.
Pancreatic Islets
72
It secretes glucagon and increase glucose level for about 17%
Alpha Cells
73
It secretes insulin and decreases glucose level by about 70%
Beta Cells
74
It secretes somatostatin by 7%
Delta Cells
75
It secretes pancreatic polypetide
F cells
76
It is a suprarenal organ that lies superior to the kidney and has two structural and functional portion
Adrenal Glands
77
Give me the two portions of Adrenal Glands
1. Adrenal Cortex 2. Adrenal Medulla
78
It is the outer portion and has three zones of adrenal gland.
Adrenal Cortex
79
It secretes mineralocorticoids, mainly aldosterone, which is responsible for sodium reabsorption in the kidneys; affects mineral homeostasis.
Zona glomerulosa
80
It secretes glucocorticoids-mainly cortisol (stress hormone) that increases glucose level; affects glucose homeostasis
Zona Fasciculata
81
It synthesizes amounts of androgen-secondary sex characteristics of males
Zona Reticularis
82
It produces steroid hormones.
Adrenal Cortex
83
Adrenal Medulla produces what hormones?
Chromaffin cells Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
84
This is a hormone that is a neurotransmitter and is responsible for glucose metabolism and the primary hormone for the ANS; Fight or Flight hormones
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
85
Organs that produce gametes (oocyte and sperm)
Ovaries and Testes
86
1. A paired oval body located in the pelvic cavity. 2. It produces what?
1. Ovaries 2. Estrogen, Progesterone and Inhibin.
87
1. Oval Glands that lie inside the scrotum 2. It produces what hormone? 3. What does the hormone do?
1. Testes 2. Testosterone 3. Regulates sperm production and stimulate the development of maintenance of masculine characteristics such as beard growth and deepening of the voice.
88
Give me the types of Estrogen
1. Estradiol 2. Estriol 3. Estrone
89
It is the most common type in women of childbearing age.
Estradiol
90
The primary estrogen during pregnancy.
Estriol
91
The only estrogen that the body makes after menopause.
Estrone
92
1. It is a small endocrine gland attached to the roof of the 3rd ventricle of the brain at the midline. 2. What hormone does it secrete? 3. What does it do??
1. Pineal Gland 2. Melatonin 3. Contributes to setting the body's biological clock.
93
1. It is located behind the sternum between the two lungs. 2. What hormone does it secrete? 3. What does it do?
1. Thymus Gland 2. Thymosin 3. Helps the maturation of the T-cells

GOA (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions