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Medical Assistant: Body Systems 1 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Organs of the respiratory system

A 
nose
Pharynx (throat)
Larynx (voice box)
Trachea (windpipe)
Bronchus (bronchi)
Lungs
Diaphragm
Mediastinum
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2
Q

Function of the respiratory system

A

respiration or to breath and exchange of O2 and CO2

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3
Q

How respiration works

A

inhale O2, that is then taken into the lungs
O2 passes from lungs into capillaries then blood
CO2 passes from blood into lungs

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4
Q

NOSE

A
  1. warms the air that enters
  2. lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs to filter particles
  3. divided into 2 parts: nasal and septum
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5
Q

Pharynx

A
  1. moves food, and air into correct passages
  2. AIR: Air - nose/mouth - pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchi - lungs
  3. FOOD: Food - mouth - pharynx - esophagus - stomach
  4. Mastication : chewing aspiration: food goes into lungs
  5. Pharynx: Adenoids which are lymphoid tissue behind nasal cavity; and tonsils which are lymphoid tissue located behind the mouth
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6
Q

Lungs

A
  1. Thoracic cavity covered in pleura (membranous lining)
  2. lungs separated by space called mediastinum ( consists of heart, esophagus, trachea, etc.) below the lungs is the diaphragm
  3. lungs divided into lobes, left lung: 2 lobes right lung: 3 lobes
  4. AIR: nose/mouth - Pharynx - Larynx - Trachea - Bronchi - Bronchioles - Alveoli
  5. Alveoli exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
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7
Q

-algia

A

pain

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8
Q

-ar -ary -eal

A

pertaining to

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9
Q

-cele

A

hernia or protrusion (suffix)

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10
Q

a- an-

A

without or absence of (prefix)

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11
Q

endo-

A

within (prefix)

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12
Q

eu-

A

normal, good ( prefix)

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13
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid ( suffix)

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14
Q

-ectasis

A

stretching out, dilation, expansion ( suffix)

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15
Q

-emia

A

blood condition (suffix)

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16
Q

-gram

A

record X-ray film (suffixes)

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17
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording, X-ray filming ( suffix)

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18
Q

-meter

A

instrument use to measure (suffix)

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19
Q

-metry

A

measurement (suffix)

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20
Q

-oxia

A

oxygen (suffix)

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21
Q

pani-

A

all total (prefix)

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22
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation, suspension (suffix)

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23
Q

-phonia

A

sound or voice (suffix)

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24
Q

-pnea

A

breathing (suffix)

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25
Q

poly-

A

many, much (prefix)

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26
Q

-rrhagia

A

rapid flow of blood (suffix)

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27
Q

-scope

A

instrument used for visual examination (suffix)

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28
Q

-scopic

A

pertaining to visual examination (suffix)

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29
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination (suffix)

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30
Q

-spasm

A

sudden involuntary muscle contraction (suffix)

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31
Q

-stenosis

A

constriction or narrowing (suffix)

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32
Q

-stomy

A

creation of an artificial opening (suffix)

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33
Q

tachy-f

A

fast rapid (prefix)

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34
Q

-thorax

A

chest (suffix)

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35
Q

-tomy

A

cut into or incision (suffix)

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36
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids ( combining form)

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37
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus

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38
Q

atel/o

A

imperfect, incomplete

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39
Q

bronch/i bronch/o

A

bronchus ( combining form)

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40
Q

capn/o

A

carbon dioxide (combining form)

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41
Q

diaphragmat/o

A

diaphragm

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42
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

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43
Q

hem/o hemat/o

A

blood

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44
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx

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45
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

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46
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

Tip: mucus - is the slimy material
mucous - pertaining to the slimy material

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47
Q

nas/o rhin/o

A

nose (combining form)

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48
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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49
Q

ox/o ox/i

A

oxygen (combining form)

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50
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

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51
Q

phon/o

A

sound voice

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52
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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53
Q

pneum/o pneumat/o pneumon/o

A

lung air (combing form)

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54
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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55
Q

py/o

A

pus

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56
Q

sept/o

A

septum (combining form)

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57
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus (combining form)

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58
Q

spir/o

A

breathe breathing (combining form)

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59
Q

thorac/o

A

thorax or chest (combining form)

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60
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsil (combining form)

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61
Q

trache/o

A

trachea (combining form)

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62
Q

adenoiditis adenoid/itis

A

inflammation of the adenoids

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63
Q

atelectasis atel/ectasis

A

incomplete expansion of a lung

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64
Q

bronchiectasis bronchi/ectasis

A

dilation of the bronchi

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65
Q

bronchitis bronch/itis

A

inflammation of the bronchi

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66
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma bronch/o/genic carcinoma

A

cancerous tumour originating in the bronchus

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67
Q

bronchopneumonia bronch/o/pneumonia

A

diseased state of the bronchi and lungs

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68
Q

diaphragmatocele diaphragmat/o/cele

A

hernia of the diaphragm

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69
Q

epiglottis epiglott/itis

A

inflammation of the epiglottis

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70
Q

hemothorax hem/o/thorax

A

blood in the chest or plural place

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71
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis laryng/o/trache/o/bronch/itis

A

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi; the acute form is called croup

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72
Q

layngitis layng/itis

A

inflammation of the larynx

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73
Q

lobar pneumonia lob/ar/ pneumon/ia

A

diseased state of the lobe of a lung

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74
Q

nasopharyngitis nas/o/pharyng/itis

A

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

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75
Q

pansinusitis pan/sinus/itis

A

inflammation of all sinuses

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76
Q

pharyngitis pharyng/itis

A

inflammation of the pharynx

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77
Q

pleuritis pleur/itis

A

inflammation of the pleaura

also called: pleurisy

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78
Q

pneumatocele pneumat/o/cele

A

hernia of the lung

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79
Q

pneumoconiosis pneumat/o/coni/osis

A

abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

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80
Q

pneumonitis pneumon/itis

A

inflammation of the lung

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81
Q

pneumothorax pneum/o/thorax

A

air in the chest or pleural space

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82
Q

pulmonary neoplasm pulmon/ary neo/plasm

A

tumour in the lung

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83
Q

pyothorax pyo/thorax

A

pus in the chest or pleural space

also called empyema

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84
Q

rhinitis rhin/itis

A

inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nose

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85
Q

rhinomycosis rhin/o/myc/osis

A

abnormal condition of fungus in the nose

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86
Q

rhinorrhagia rhin/o/rrhagia

A

rapid flow of blood from the nose

also called: epistaxis or bloody nose

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87
Q

thoracalgia thorac/algia

A

pain in the chest

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88
Q

tonsillitis tonsill/itis

A

inflammation of the tonsils

89
Q

tracheitis trache/itis

A

inflammation of the trachea

90
Q

tracheostenosis trache/o/stenosis

A

narrowing of the trachea

91
Q

Adult respiratory distress syndrome

A

respiratory failure in an adult as a result of injury/ disease
Ab: ARDS

92
Q

asthma

A

respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath

93
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

combination of persistent lung diseases that obstruct bronchial airflow: asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema

Ab: COPD

94
Q

coccidioidomycosis

A

fungal infection affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body

Also called valley fever

95
Q

cor pulmonale

A

serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders like emphysema

96
Q

croup

A

a condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx in children

97
Q

cystic fibroids

A

a generalized hereditary disorder of infants and children characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract

Ab: CF

98
Q

deviated septum

A

where one part of the nasal cavity is smaller

99
Q

emphysema

A

stretching of lung tissue caused by alveoli becoming distended and losing elasticity

100
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

also called: rhinorrhagia

101
Q

influenza

A

highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus

also called: flu

102
Q

legionnaire’s disease

A

lobar pneumonia caused by the bacterium legionalla pneumophila

103
Q

obstructive sleep apnea

A

repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep which leads to the absence of breathing

Also called : OSA

104
Q

pertussis

A

a respiratory disease characterized by an acute crowing inspiration

also called: whooping cough

105
Q

pleural effusion

A

escape of fluid into the pleural space as a result of inflammation

106
Q

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

A

pneumonia caused by P.carinii, a fungus that’s common in AIDS patients

107
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles

108
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

foreign matter, such as a blood clot, air, or fat, carried in the circulation to the pulmonary artery

109
Q

tuberculosis

A

an infectious disease, caused by an acid-fast bacillus, most commonly spread by inhalation of the infected droplets

TB

110
Q

upper respiratory infection

A

infection of the pharynx, larynx trachea, and bronchi

Ab: URI

111
Q

adeniodectomy adenoid/ectomy

A

excision of the adenoids

112
Q

adenotome aden/o/tome

A

surgical instruments used to cut the adenoids

113
Q

bronchoplasty bronch/o/plastys

A

surgical repair of the bronchus

114
Q

laryngectomy laryng/ectomy

A

excision of the larynx

115
Q

laryngocentesis laryng/o/centesis

A

surgical puncture to aspirate the fluid from the larynx

116
Q

laryngostomy laryng/o/stomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the larynx

117
Q

laryngotracheotomy laryng/o/trache/o/tomy

A

incision of larynx and trachea

118
Q

lobectomy lob/ectomy

A

excision of a lobe in the lung

119
Q

pleuropexy pleur/o/pexy

A

surgical fixation of the pleura

120
Q

pneumobronchotomy pneum/o/bronch/o/tomy

A

incision of lung and bronchus

121
Q

pneumonectomy pneumon/ectomy

A

excision of a lung

122
Q

rhinoplasty rhin/o/plasty

A

surgical repair of the nose

123
Q

septoplasty sept/o/plasty

A

surgical repair of the nasal septum

124
Q

septotomy sept/o/tomy

A

incision in the nasal septum

125
Q

sinusotomy

A

incision of the sinus

126
Q

thoracocentesis thorac/o/centesis

A

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity

also called: thoracentesis

127
Q

thoracotomy thorac/o/tomy

A

incision into the chest cavity

128
Q

tonsillectomy tonsill/ectomy

A

excision of the tonsils

129
Q

tracheoplasty trache/o/plasty

A

surgical repair of the trachea

130
Q

tracheostomy trache/o/stomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the trachea

131
Q

tracheotomy trache/o/tomy

A

incision of the trachea

132
Q

bronchogram bronch/o/gram

A

X-ray film of the bronchi

133
Q

bronchogrpahy bronch/o/graphy

A

process of X-ray filming the bronchi

134
Q

bronchoscope bronch/o/scope

A

instrument used for visual examination of of a hollow organ or body cavity

135
Q

endoscope end/o/scope

A

instrument used for visual examination of a hollow organ or body cavity

136
Q

bronchoscope bronch/o/scope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi

137
Q

endoscopy end/o/scopy

A

visual examination of a hollow organ or body cavity

138
Q

bronchoscopy bronch/o/scopy

A

visual examination of the bronchi

139
Q

laryngoscope laryng/o/scope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the larynx

140
Q

laryngoscopy laryng/o/scopy

A

visual examination of the larynx

141
Q

thoracoscope thorac/o/scope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the thorax

142
Q

thoracoscopy thorac/o/scopy

A

visual examination of the thorax

143
Q

oximeter oxi/meter (pulmonary Function Tests)

A

instrument used to measure the oxygen saturation in blood

144
Q

spirometer spir/o/meter (pulmonary function test)

A

instrument used to measure breathing

145
Q

spirometry spir/o/metry (pulmonary function tests)

A

a measurement of breathing

146
Q

computed tomography

A

computerized images of the body organs in slices, horizontally

Ab: CT

147
Q

magnetic resonance (diagnostic imaging procedures)

A

gives information about the body’s biochemistry by placing the body in a magnetic field

Ab: MRI

148
Q

nuclear medicine (diagnostic imaging procedures)

A

scans using radioactive material to determine functional capacity of an organ

149
Q

radiography (diagnostic imaging procedures)

A

X-ray films of internal organs taken using ionizing radiation

150
Q

ultrasound (diagnostic imaging procedures)

A

sonograms, echograms, using sound waves to create an image of body organs

151
Q

acapnia a/capnia

A

absence, or less-than-normal level, of carbon dioxide in the blood

152
Q

anoxia a/noxia

A

absence of deficiency of oxygen

153
Q

aphonia a/phonia

A

absence of voice

154
Q

apnea a/pnea

A

absence of breathing

155
Q

bronchoalveolar bronch/o/alveol/ar

A

pertaining to the bronchi and alveoli

156
Q

bronchospasm bronch/o/spasm

A

spasmodic contraction in the bronchi

157
Q

diaphragmatic diaphragmat/ic

A

pertaining to the diaphragm

158
Q

dysphonia dys/phonia

A

difficulty speaking

159
Q

dyspnea dys/pnea

A

difficulty breathing

160
Q

endotracheal end/o/trach/eal

A

pertaining to within the trachea

161
Q

eupnea eu/pnea

A

normal breathing

162
Q

hypercapnia hyper/capnia

A

excessive carbon dioxide in the blood

163
Q

hyperpnea hyper/pnea

A

excessive breathing

164
Q

hypocapnia hypo/capnia

A

deficient carbon dioxide in the blood

165
Q

hypopnea hypo/pnea

A

deficient breathing

166
Q

hypoxemia hyp/ox/emia

A

deficient oxygen in the blood

167
Q

hypoxia hyp/oxia

A

condition of deficient oxygen

168
Q

intrapleural inta/pleur/al

A

pertaining to within the pleaura

169
Q

laryngeal laryng/eal

A

pertaining to larynx

170
Q

laryngospasm laryn/o/spasm

A

spasmodic contraction of the larynx

171
Q

mucoid muc/oid

A

resembling mucus

172
Q

mucous muc/ous

A

pertaining to mucus

173
Q

nasopharyngeal naso/pharyg/eal

A

pertaining to the nose and pharynx

174
Q

orthopnea orth/o/pnea

A

able to breathe easier in an upright position

175
Q

phrenalgia phren/algia

A

pain in the diaphragm

176
Q

phrenospasm phren/o/spasm

A

spasm of the diaphragm

177
Q

pulmonary pulmon/ary

A

pertaining to the lungs

178
Q

pulmonologist pulmon/o/logist

A

one who studies and treats diseases of the lung

179
Q

pulmonology pulmon/o/logy

A

study of the lung

180
Q

rhinorrhea rhin/o/rrhea

A

discharge from the nose

also called: runny nose

181
Q

tachypnea tachy/pnea

A

rapid breathing

182
Q

thoracic thorac/ic

A

pertaining to the chest

183
Q

Airway

A

passageway by which air enters the lungs

184
Q

asphyxia

A

deprivation of oxygen in the tissue

185
Q

aspirate

A

to withdraw fluid or to suction

186
Q

bronchoconstrictor

A

agent causing narrowing of bronchi

187
Q

bronchodilater

A

agent causing the bronchi to widen

188
Q

cough

A

sudden noisy expulsion of air from the lungs

189
Q

hiccup

A

sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm

190
Q

hyperventilation

A

ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs

191
Q

hypoventilation

A

ventilation of the lungs, not fulfilling the body’s need of gas exchange

192
Q

mucopurulent

A

containing both mucus and pus

193
Q

mucus

A

slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes

194
Q

nebulizer

A

device that creates a fine spray for giving respiratory treatment

195
Q

nosocomial infection

A

an infection acquired during hospitalization

196
Q

paroxysm

A

periodic, sudden attacks

197
Q

patent

A

open

198
Q

pulmonary

A

pertaining to the lungs

199
Q

sputum

A

mucus secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea removed through the mouth

200
Q

ventilator

A

mechanical device used to help with breathing or substitute for breathing when patient cannot breathe on their own

201
Q

ABGs

A

arterial blood gases

202
Q

AFB

A

acid-fast bacilli

203
Q

ARDS

A

adult respiratory distress syndrome

204
Q

CF

A

cystic fibrosis

205
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

206
Q

CT

A

computed topography

207
Q

CXR

A

chest x-ray / chest radiograph

208
Q

flu

A

influenza

209
Q

LLL

A

left lower lobe

210
Q

OSA

A

obstructive sleep apnea

211
Q

PE

A

pulmonary embolism

212
Q

PFTs

A

pulmonary function tests

213
Q

polysomnography

A

PSF

214
Q

RLL

A

right left lob

215
Q

RML

A

right middle lobe

216
Q

RUL

A

right upper lobe

217
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

218
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

219
Q

VPS

A

ventilation perfusion scanning

Medical Assistant: Body Systems 1 (6 decks)

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