Cardiovascular and Lymphatic systems Flashcards
Function of the cardiovascular system
- Transporting nutrients
- Oxygenize the body by transporting oxygen by the cells in the blood
- Removing waste products from blood (ex. CO2)
3 Types of valves for the heart
- Tricuspid Valve: located between the right atrium and right ventricle
- Bicuspid Valve: located between the left atrium and left ventricle
- Semilunar Valve: located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery, and the left ventricle and aorta
3 layers of the Heart
- Pericardium: 2 layer sac covering the heart that holds pericardial fluid, allowing layers to move without friction. Has visceral layer closest to myocardium and parietal layer lining pericardium
- Myocardium: Middle, thick, muscular layer of the heart
- Endocardium: Inner lining of the heart
Aorta
largest artery in the body, originating from left ventricle descending down into the thorax and abdomen
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, smallest arteries called arterioles
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart, smallest veins called venules
Capillaries
Microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells (RBC) that carry oxygen
Leukocytes
White blood cells (WBC) that combat the infection and respond to the inflammation
Platelets
Element in the blood that helps with clotting. Platelets are also called thrombocytes
Lymphatic System
Removing excess fluid in tissues that accumulate because of metabolic activity
What the Lymphatic system consists of
Lymph nodes: filter to keep bacteria out of blood
Spleen: Largest lymphatic organ
Thymus Gland: Primary lymphatic organ that helps develop immune system
Lymph: Colourless fluid
-ac
pertaining to
-apheresis
removal
-crit
to separate
-gram
actual record
ex. x-ray
ex. picture
-Graph
instrument used to record
-graphy
process of recording
-odynia
pain
-penia
abnormal reduction
poiesis
formation
-sclerosis
hardening
brady-
slow
tachy-
fast, rapid
angi/o
vessel
aort/o
aorta
arteri/o
artery
ather/o
yellowish, fatty plaque
atri/o
atrium
bacteri/o
bacteria
cardi/o coron/o
heart
ech/o
sound
electr/o
electricity, electrical activity
isch/o
deficiency, blockage
isch/o
deficiency, blockage
lymph/o
lymph
myel/o
bone marrow
phleb/o ven/o
vein
plasm/o
plasm
sphygm/o
pulse
splen/o
spleen
steth/o
chest
therm/o
heat
thromb/o
clot
thym/o
thymus gland
valv/o valvul/o
valve
ventricul/o
ventricle
Angiocarditis angi/o/card/itis
inflammation of the blood vessels and heart
angioma angi/oma
tumour composed of the blood vessels
angiospams angi/o/spamas
spasm of the blood vessels
Angiostenosis angi/o/stenosis
narrowing of a blood vessel
aortic stenosis aort/ic sten/osis
narrowing of the aorta
arteriorrhexis arteri/o/rrhexis
rupture of an artery
arteriosclerosis arteri/o/sclerosis
hardening of the arteries
atherosclerosis ather/o/sclerosis
hardening of the arteries
atrioventricular defect atri/o/ventricul/ar
defect pertaining to an atrium and ventricle
bacterial endocarditis end/o/card/itis
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart caused by bacteria
Bradycardia brady/cardia
slow heart rate
<60bpm
cardiodynia cardi/o/dynia
pain in the heart
cardiomegaly cardi/o/megaly
enlargement of the heart
cardiomyopathy cardi/o/my/o/pathy
disease of the heart muscle
cardiovalvulitis cardi/o/valvul/itis
inflammation of the valves of the heart
Coronary Ischemia isch/emia
Deficient blood supply of the blood to the hearts blood vessels
Coronary thrombosis thromb/osis
abnormal condition of a clot in a blood vessel of the heart
endocarditis end/o/card/itis
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
hematocytopenia hemat/o/cyt/o/penia
abnormal reduction in number of blood cells
hematoma hemat/oma
collection of blood outside of the blood vessels
lymphadenitis lymph/aden/itis
inflammation of the lymph glands
lymphadenopathy lymph/aden/o/pathy
disease of the lymph glands
Lyphoma Lymph/oma
tumour of the lymphatic tissue
Myocarditis my/o/card/itis
inflammation of the muscle of the heart
Pericarditis peri/card/itis
inflammation of the outer double layer of the heart
Polyarteritis poly/arter/itis
inflammation of many sites in the arteries
splenomegaly splen/o/megaly
enlargement of the spleen
Tachycardia tachy/cardia
abnormal state of a rapid heart rate with >100bpm
thymoma thym/oma
tumour of the thymus gland
Acute coronary syndrome
sudden insufficient blood
anemia
lack of hemoglobin in blood
aneurysm
ballooning of weakened portion of arterial wall
angina pectoris
chest pain due to the insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle
arrhythmia
disturbance/abnormality in heart’s normal rhythm
atrial fibrillation Ab: AFib
a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by rapid electrical impulses in the atria
cardiac arrest
sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation
Cardiac tamponade
acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity
coarctation of the aorta
congenital cardiac condition characterized by narrowing of the aorta
congenital heart disease
heart abnormality present at birth
congestive heart failure
inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply tissue + organs, oxygen and nutrients
Ab: CHF
coronary artery disease
condition. Reduces flow of blood IN artery to myocardium
Ab: CAD
Coronary occlusion
obstruction of an artery of the heart, usually from atherosclerosis
known as: heart attack
deep vein thrombosis
condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body
Ab: DVT
dysrhythmia
disturbance/ abnormality in hearts normal rhythm
embolus
foreign objects that enter the blood stream, and lodges or causes an obstruction somewhere in the circulatory system
Plural: Emboli
fibrillation
quick contraction of atria or ventricles
hemophilia
deficiency in coagulation factor, inherited bleeding disease
hemorrhoid
varicose vein in rectal area, may be internal or external
Hodgkin’s disease
progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, starting in the cervical nodes. Happens because of malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue
hypertensive heart disease
disorder of the heart brought about by persistent high blood pressure
AB: HHD
infectious monoculeosis
an acute infection cause by Epstein-Barr virus, characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue and fever
intermittent claudication
pain and discomfort in calf muscles while
leukemia
cause by excessive formation of white blood cells from bone marrow
mitral valve stenosis
narrowing of the mitral valves
myocardial infarction
death/ necrosis, of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen, resulting from an interrupted blood supply
Ab: MI
known as: heart attack
pancytopenia
abnormal reduction of all blood cells
Peripheral artery disease
Disease of the arteries (not from the heart or brain), affecting blood circulation
phlebitis
inflammation of the vein
rheumatic fever
inflammatory disease occurring after upper respiratory streptococcal infection (usually in children)
rheumatic heart disease
damage to heart muscles /valves after experiencing rheumatic fever one or more times
Sickle cell anemia
hereditary chronic hemolytic disease characterized by crescent or sicle shaped red blood cell
thromboangiitis obliterans
vascular inflammatory disorder, usually affects lower extremities
Known as: Buerger’s disease
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of a vein due to a clot
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of a vein due to a clot
thrombosis
abnormal condition of a blood clot
Thrombus
blood clot attached to a wall
angiography angi/o/graphy
X-ray filming of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium
angioscope angi/o/scope
instrument used for visual examination of a blood vessel
aortogram aort/o/gram
x-ray film of the aorta
arteriogram arteri/o/gram
x-ray film of an artery
echocardiogram ech/o/cardi/o/gram
record of the heart using sound
electrocardiogram electr/o/cardi/o/gram
record of the electrical activity of the heart
electrocardiograph electr/o/cardi/o/graph
instrument used to record the electrical activity of the heart
electrocardiography electr/o/cardi/o/graphy
recording the electrical activity of the heart
erythrocyte count erythr/o/cyte
red blood cell (RBC) count
hematocrit hemat/o/crit
blood test that measures the percentage of the whole blood that’s made up of red blood cells
leukocyte count leuk/o/cyte
white blood cell (WBC) count
Lymphadenography lymph/aden/o/graphy
X-ray filming the lymph nodes and glands
Lymphangiogram lymph/angio/gram
X-ray film of the lymphatic vessels
lymphangiography lymph/angi/o/graphy
X-ray filming the lymphatic vessels
phlebography phleb/o/graphy
X-ray filming of a vein
phonocardiogram phon/o/cardi/o/gram
graphic record of heart sound
sphygmocardiograph sphygm/o/cardi/o/graph
instrument used to measure pulse waves and heartbeat
sthethoscope steth/o/scope
instrument used to examine chest sounds
anticoagulant
agent slowing down process blood clots
allergen
something producing hypersensitive reaction
anaphylaxis
life threatening reaction to antigen that has been encountered before
ex. bee venom, peanuts, latex
antibiotic
drug that kills harmful microorganisms or slows down their growth/ replication rate
auscultation
hearing sounds inside the body through a stethoscope.
autoimmune disease
A disease, cause by body not being able to distinguish between its’ own cells and foreign bodies. Your body produces antibodies to attack it’s own tissue
blood pressure
Pressure exerted by blood flow on vessel walls
Ab: BP
diastole
A phase in the cardiac cycle when ventricles are relaxed between contractions; the resistance of the vessel walls
dyscrasia
abnormal/pathological condition of the blood
extracorporeal
Occurring outside of the body
extravasation
blood escaping out of the vessel into the issue
heart murmur
short humming sound of vascular or cardiac origin
hemorrhage
rapid flow of blood
hypertension
blood pressure that’s above normal
known as: high blood pressure
Ab: HBP
Hypotension
blood pressure that’s below normal
known as: Low blood pressure
immune
being resistant to specific invading pathogens
infection
pathogens invading the body tissue
lumen
space inside an organ or tubular part
manometer
instrument used for measuring the pressure of fluids
occlude c
close tightly
percussion
tapping surface of the body using your fingers to determine density
peripheral vascular
lymphatic vessels & and blood vessels outside the heart
Plasma
liquid portion of the blood where cells are suspended, it also contains clotting factor
serum
liquid portion of the blood that does not have clotting factors
systole
phase in the cardiac cycle when the ventricles contract
vaccine
suspension of INACTIVATED microorganisms administered by injection, mouth, or nasal spray to prevent infectious diseases by inducing immunity
vasoconstrictor
agent/nerve that narrows lumen of the blood vessels
venipuncture
puncture of a vein to remove blood, instill medicine or start an intravenous infusion
C- Reactive protein
a blood test to determine the amount of C- reactive protein in the blood, to show inflammation in the body
Ab: CRP
cardiac catheterization
an examination to determine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels
coagulation time
blood test to determine the time it takes to form a blood clot
creatine phosphokinase
blood test to measure level of creatine
Ab: CPK
digital subtraction angiography
a process of digital radiographic imaging of the blood vessels that removes structures not being studied
Ab: DSA
Doppler Ultrasound
study that uses sound to detect blood flow in vessels
exercise stress test
a study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress
hematocrit
blood test to measure the volume and the amount of RBC
hemoglobin
blood test used to determine the concentration of oxygen carrying components in the red blood cells
Ab: Hgb
homocysteine
blood test used to measure the amount of homocysteine in the blood
impedance plethysmography
measuring blood volume and resistance in the vein to detect blood clots by measuring venous flow of the extremities
lipid profile
blood test used to determine the amount of lipids in a sample of blood
prothrombin time
blood test used measure coagulation activity defects and to monitor anticoagulation therapy
Ab: PT
Pulse
number of times in a minute the heartbeat is felt on the arterial wall
single proton emission computer tomography
a nuclear medicine scan that visualizes the heart from several different angles
Ab: SPECT
sphygmomanometer
device used for measuring blood pressure
known as: blood pressure cuff
stethoscope
instrument used to hear internal body sounds
thalium test
nuclear medicine test to diagnose coronary artery disease ; and assess revascularization of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG)
transesophageal echocardiogram
an ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus to view the heart
Ab: TEE
Troponin
A blood test that measure the heart muscle enzyme: troponin
angioplasty angi/o/plasty
surgical repair of blood vessels
angiorrhaphy angi/o/rrhaphy
suturing of a blood vessel
atherectomy ather/ectomy
surgical removal of plaque using specialized catheter and a rotary cutter that opens the blocked arteries
endarterectomy end/arter/ectomy
excision within the thickened interior of an artery, usually named after artery to be cleaned out
ex. carotid endarterectomy
pericardiostomy peri/cardi/o/stomy
creation of an artificial opening in the outer layer of the heart
phlebectomy phleb/ectomy
excision of a vein
phlebotomy phleb/o/tomy
incision into the vein to remove blood, give blood or instill intravenous fluids
Also called: venipuncture
aneurysmectomy
surgical excision of an aneurysm
bone marrow biopsy
a needle puncture to obtain a sample of the bone marrow
bone marrow transplant
infusion of normal bone marrow cells from donor with matching cells to a tissue recipient
cardiac pacemaker
battery powered apparatus implanted into the skin with leads placed on the heart or in the chamber of the heart
coronary artery bypass graft
surgical technique to bring new blood supply to the heart by detouring around blocked arteries
Ab: CABG (pronounced cabbage)
coronary stent
a device implanted in the coronary artery to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy
embolectomy
surgical removal of an embolus or clot
femoropopliteal bypass
surgery to establish alternate route from femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction
implantable cardiac defibrillator
device implanted into the body to continuously monitor the heart rhythm and deliver and electric shock to convert the arrhythmia back to a normal rhythm if needed
intracoronary thrombolytic therapy
an injection of an intravenous medication to dissolve bloo clots in coronary blood vessels
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
a procedure where a balloon is inserted in the blood vessel into a coronary artery to the area where plaque has formed and the balloon is inflated to compress the plaque on to the arterial walls opening up the vessel
ACS
acute coronary artery bypass graft
AFib
atrial fibrillation
AV
atrioventricular
BP
blood pressure
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
coronary artery disease
CAD
CBC
complete blood count
CCU
coronary care unit
CHF
congestive heart failure
CPK
creatinine phosphokinase
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CRP
C-reactive protein
DSA
digital subtraction angiography
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
ECG/ EKG
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
Echo
echocardiogram
HCT
hematocrit
Hgb
hemoglobin
HHD
hypertensive heart disease
ICD
implantable plethysmography
IPG
impedance plethysmography
IV
intravenous
MI
myocardial infarction
PAD
peripheral arterial disease
PT
prothrombin time
PTCA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
RBC
red blood cells
SPECT
single-photon, emission computed tomography
TEE
transesophageal echocardiogram
WBC
white blood cell
