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Medical Assistant: Body Systems 1 > Cardiovascular and Lymphatic systems > Flashcards

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic systems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Function of the cardiovascular system

A
  • Transporting nutrients
  • Oxygenize the body by transporting oxygen by the cells in the blood
  • Removing waste products from blood (ex. CO2)
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2
Q

3 Types of valves for the heart

A
  1. Tricuspid Valve: located between the right atrium and right ventricle
  2. Bicuspid Valve: located between the left atrium and left ventricle
  3. Semilunar Valve: located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery, and the left ventricle and aorta
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3
Q

3 layers of the Heart

A
  1. Pericardium: 2 layer sac covering the heart that holds pericardial fluid, allowing layers to move without friction. Has visceral layer closest to myocardium and parietal layer lining pericardium
  2. Myocardium: Middle, thick, muscular layer of the heart
  3. Endocardium: Inner lining of the heart
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4
Q

Aorta

A

largest artery in the body, originating from left ventricle descending down into the thorax and abdomen

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5
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, smallest arteries called arterioles

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6
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart, smallest veins called venules

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7
Q

Capillaries

A

Microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules

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8
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells (RBC) that carry oxygen

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9
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells (WBC) that combat the infection and respond to the inflammation

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10
Q

Platelets

A

Element in the blood that helps with clotting. Platelets are also called thrombocytes

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11
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Removing excess fluid in tissues that accumulate because of metabolic activity

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12
Q

What the Lymphatic system consists of

A

Lymph nodes: filter to keep bacteria out of blood

Spleen: Largest lymphatic organ

Thymus Gland: Primary lymphatic organ that helps develop immune system

Lymph: Colourless fluid

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13
Q

-ac

A

pertaining to

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14
Q

-apheresis

A

removal

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15
Q

-crit

A

to separate

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16
Q

-gram

A

actual record

ex. x-ray
ex. picture

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17
Q

-Graph

A

instrument used to record

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18
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

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19
Q

-odynia

A

pain

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20
Q

-penia

A

abnormal reduction

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21
Q

poiesis

A

formation

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22
Q

-sclerosis

A

hardening

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23
Q

brady-

A

slow

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24
Q

tachy-

A

fast, rapid

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25
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

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26
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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27
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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28
Q

ather/o

A

yellowish, fatty plaque

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29
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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30
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

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31
Q

cardi/o coron/o

A

heart

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32
Q

ech/o

A

sound

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33
Q

electr/o

A

electricity, electrical activity

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34
Q

isch/o

A

deficiency, blockage

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35
Q

isch/o

A

deficiency, blockage

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36
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

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37
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

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38
Q

phleb/o ven/o

A

vein

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39
Q

plasm/o

A

plasm

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40
Q

sphygm/o

A

pulse

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41
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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42
Q

steth/o

A

chest

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43
Q

therm/o

A

heat

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44
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

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45
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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46
Q

valv/o valvul/o

A

valve

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47
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

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48
Q

Angiocarditis angi/o/card/itis

A

inflammation of the blood vessels and heart

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49
Q

angioma angi/oma

A

tumour composed of the blood vessels

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50
Q

angiospams angi/o/spamas

A

spasm of the blood vessels

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51
Q

Angiostenosis angi/o/stenosis

A

narrowing of a blood vessel

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52
Q

aortic stenosis aort/ic sten/osis

A

narrowing of the aorta

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53
Q

arteriorrhexis arteri/o/rrhexis

A

rupture of an artery

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54
Q

arteriosclerosis arteri/o/sclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries

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55
Q

atherosclerosis ather/o/sclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries

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56
Q

atrioventricular defect atri/o/ventricul/ar

A

defect pertaining to an atrium and ventricle

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57
Q

bacterial endocarditis end/o/card/itis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart caused by bacteria

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58
Q

Bradycardia brady/cardia

A

slow heart rate

<60bpm

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59
Q

cardiodynia cardi/o/dynia

A

pain in the heart

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60
Q

cardiomegaly cardi/o/megaly

A

enlargement of the heart

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61
Q

cardiomyopathy cardi/o/my/o/pathy

A

disease of the heart muscle

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62
Q

cardiovalvulitis cardi/o/valvul/itis

A

inflammation of the valves of the heart

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63
Q

Coronary Ischemia isch/emia

A

Deficient blood supply of the blood to the hearts blood vessels

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64
Q

Coronary thrombosis thromb/osis

A

abnormal condition of a clot in a blood vessel of the heart

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65
Q

endocarditis end/o/card/itis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

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66
Q

hematocytopenia hemat/o/cyt/o/penia

A

abnormal reduction in number of blood cells

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67
Q

hematoma hemat/oma

A

collection of blood outside of the blood vessels

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68
Q

lymphadenitis lymph/aden/itis

A

inflammation of the lymph glands

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69
Q

lymphadenopathy lymph/aden/o/pathy

A

disease of the lymph glands

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70
Q

Lyphoma Lymph/oma

A

tumour of the lymphatic tissue

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71
Q

Myocarditis my/o/card/itis

A

inflammation of the muscle of the heart

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72
Q

Pericarditis peri/card/itis

A

inflammation of the outer double layer of the heart

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73
Q

Polyarteritis poly/arter/itis

A

inflammation of many sites in the arteries

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74
Q

splenomegaly splen/o/megaly

A

enlargement of the spleen

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75
Q

Tachycardia tachy/cardia

A

abnormal state of a rapid heart rate with >100bpm

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76
Q

thymoma thym/oma

A

tumour of the thymus gland

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77
Q

Acute coronary syndrome

A

sudden insufficient blood

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78
Q

anemia

A

lack of hemoglobin in blood

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79
Q

aneurysm

A

ballooning of weakened portion of arterial wall

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80
Q

angina pectoris

A

chest pain due to the insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle

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81
Q

arrhythmia

A

disturbance/abnormality in heart’s normal rhythm

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82
Q

atrial fibrillation Ab: AFib

A

a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by rapid electrical impulses in the atria

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83
Q

cardiac arrest

A

sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation

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84
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity

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85
Q

coarctation of the aorta

A

congenital cardiac condition characterized by narrowing of the aorta

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86
Q

congenital heart disease

A

heart abnormality present at birth

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87
Q

congestive heart failure

A

inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply tissue + organs, oxygen and nutrients

Ab: CHF

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88
Q

coronary artery disease

A

condition. Reduces flow of blood IN artery to myocardium

Ab: CAD

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89
Q

Coronary occlusion

A

obstruction of an artery of the heart, usually from atherosclerosis

known as: heart attack

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90
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body

Ab: DVT

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91
Q

dysrhythmia

A

disturbance/ abnormality in hearts normal rhythm

92
Q

embolus

A

foreign objects that enter the blood stream, and lodges or causes an obstruction somewhere in the circulatory system

Plural: Emboli

93
Q

fibrillation

A

quick contraction of atria or ventricles

94
Q

hemophilia

A

deficiency in coagulation factor, inherited bleeding disease

95
Q

hemorrhoid

A

varicose vein in rectal area, may be internal or external

96
Q

Hodgkin’s disease

A

progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, starting in the cervical nodes. Happens because of malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue

97
Q

hypertensive heart disease

A

disorder of the heart brought about by persistent high blood pressure

AB: HHD

98
Q

infectious monoculeosis

A

an acute infection cause by Epstein-Barr virus, characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue and fever

99
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain and discomfort in calf muscles while

100
Q

leukemia

A

cause by excessive formation of white blood cells from bone marrow

101
Q

mitral valve stenosis

A

narrowing of the mitral valves

102
Q

myocardial infarction

A

death/ necrosis, of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen, resulting from an interrupted blood supply

Ab: MI
known as: heart attack

103
Q

pancytopenia

A

abnormal reduction of all blood cells

104
Q

Peripheral artery disease

A

Disease of the arteries (not from the heart or brain), affecting blood circulation

105
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of the vein

106
Q

rheumatic fever

A

inflammatory disease occurring after upper respiratory streptococcal infection (usually in children)

107
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

damage to heart muscles /valves after experiencing rheumatic fever one or more times

108
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

hereditary chronic hemolytic disease characterized by crescent or sicle shaped red blood cell

109
Q

thromboangiitis obliterans

A

vascular inflammatory disorder, usually affects lower extremities

Known as: Buerger’s disease

110
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein due to a clot

111
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein due to a clot

112
Q

thrombosis

A

abnormal condition of a blood clot

113
Q

Thrombus

A

blood clot attached to a wall

114
Q

angiography angi/o/graphy

A

X-ray filming of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium

115
Q

angioscope angi/o/scope

A

instrument used for visual examination of a blood vessel

116
Q

aortogram aort/o/gram

A

x-ray film of the aorta

117
Q

arteriogram arteri/o/gram

A

x-ray film of an artery

118
Q

echocardiogram ech/o/cardi/o/gram

A

record of the heart using sound

119
Q

electrocardiogram electr/o/cardi/o/gram

A

record of the electrical activity of the heart

120
Q

electrocardiograph electr/o/cardi/o/graph

A

instrument used to record the electrical activity of the heart

121
Q

electrocardiography electr/o/cardi/o/graphy

A

recording the electrical activity of the heart

122
Q

erythrocyte count erythr/o/cyte

A

red blood cell (RBC) count

123
Q

hematocrit hemat/o/crit

A

blood test that measures the percentage of the whole blood that’s made up of red blood cells

124
Q

leukocyte count leuk/o/cyte

A

white blood cell (WBC) count

125
Q

Lymphadenography lymph/aden/o/graphy

A

X-ray filming the lymph nodes and glands

126
Q

Lymphangiogram lymph/angio/gram

A

X-ray film of the lymphatic vessels

127
Q

lymphangiography lymph/angi/o/graphy

A

X-ray filming the lymphatic vessels

128
Q

phlebography phleb/o/graphy

A

X-ray filming of a vein

129
Q

phonocardiogram phon/o/cardi/o/gram

A

graphic record of heart sound

130
Q

sphygmocardiograph sphygm/o/cardi/o/graph

A

instrument used to measure pulse waves and heartbeat

131
Q

sthethoscope steth/o/scope

A

instrument used to examine chest sounds

132
Q

anticoagulant

A

agent slowing down process blood clots

133
Q

allergen

A

something producing hypersensitive reaction

134
Q

anaphylaxis

A

life threatening reaction to antigen that has been encountered before

ex. bee venom, peanuts, latex

135
Q

antibiotic

A

drug that kills harmful microorganisms or slows down their growth/ replication rate

136
Q

auscultation

A

hearing sounds inside the body through a stethoscope.

137
Q

autoimmune disease

A

A disease, cause by body not being able to distinguish between its’ own cells and foreign bodies. Your body produces antibodies to attack it’s own tissue

138
Q

blood pressure

A

Pressure exerted by blood flow on vessel walls

Ab: BP

139
Q

diastole

A

A phase in the cardiac cycle when ventricles are relaxed between contractions; the resistance of the vessel walls

140
Q

dyscrasia

A

abnormal/pathological condition of the blood

141
Q

extracorporeal

A

Occurring outside of the body

142
Q

extravasation

A

blood escaping out of the vessel into the issue

143
Q

heart murmur

A

short humming sound of vascular or cardiac origin

144
Q

hemorrhage

A

rapid flow of blood

145
Q

hypertension

A

blood pressure that’s above normal

known as: high blood pressure
Ab: HBP

146
Q

Hypotension

A

blood pressure that’s below normal

known as: Low blood pressure

147
Q

immune

A

being resistant to specific invading pathogens

148
Q

infection

A

pathogens invading the body tissue

149
Q

lumen

A

space inside an organ or tubular part

150
Q

manometer

A

instrument used for measuring the pressure of fluids

151
Q

occlude c

A

close tightly

152
Q

percussion

A

tapping surface of the body using your fingers to determine density

153
Q

peripheral vascular

A

lymphatic vessels & and blood vessels outside the heart

154
Q

Plasma

A

liquid portion of the blood where cells are suspended, it also contains clotting factor

155
Q

serum

A

liquid portion of the blood that does not have clotting factors

156
Q

systole

A

phase in the cardiac cycle when the ventricles contract

157
Q

vaccine

A

suspension of INACTIVATED microorganisms administered by injection, mouth, or nasal spray to prevent infectious diseases by inducing immunity

158
Q

vasoconstrictor

A

agent/nerve that narrows lumen of the blood vessels

159
Q

venipuncture

A

puncture of a vein to remove blood, instill medicine or start an intravenous infusion

160
Q

C- Reactive protein

A

a blood test to determine the amount of C- reactive protein in the blood, to show inflammation in the body

Ab: CRP

161
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

an examination to determine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels

162
Q

coagulation time

A

blood test to determine the time it takes to form a blood clot

163
Q

creatine phosphokinase

A

blood test to measure level of creatine

Ab: CPK

164
Q

digital subtraction angiography

A

a process of digital radiographic imaging of the blood vessels that removes structures not being studied

Ab: DSA

165
Q

Doppler Ultrasound

A

study that uses sound to detect blood flow in vessels

166
Q

exercise stress test

A

a study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress

167
Q

hematocrit

A

blood test to measure the volume and the amount of RBC

168
Q

hemoglobin

A

blood test used to determine the concentration of oxygen carrying components in the red blood cells

Ab: Hgb

169
Q

homocysteine

A

blood test used to measure the amount of homocysteine in the blood

170
Q

impedance plethysmography

A

measuring blood volume and resistance in the vein to detect blood clots by measuring venous flow of the extremities

171
Q

lipid profile

A

blood test used to determine the amount of lipids in a sample of blood

172
Q

prothrombin time

A

blood test used measure coagulation activity defects and to monitor anticoagulation therapy

Ab: PT

173
Q

Pulse

A

number of times in a minute the heartbeat is felt on the arterial wall

174
Q

single proton emission computer tomography

A

a nuclear medicine scan that visualizes the heart from several different angles

Ab: SPECT

175
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

device used for measuring blood pressure

known as: blood pressure cuff

176
Q

stethoscope

A

instrument used to hear internal body sounds

177
Q

thalium test

A

nuclear medicine test to diagnose coronary artery disease ; and assess revascularization of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG)

178
Q

transesophageal echocardiogram

A

an ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus to view the heart

Ab: TEE

179
Q

Troponin

A

A blood test that measure the heart muscle enzyme: troponin

180
Q

angioplasty angi/o/plasty

A

surgical repair of blood vessels

181
Q

angiorrhaphy angi/o/rrhaphy

A

suturing of a blood vessel

182
Q

atherectomy ather/ectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque using specialized catheter and a rotary cutter that opens the blocked arteries

183
Q

endarterectomy end/arter/ectomy

A

excision within the thickened interior of an artery, usually named after artery to be cleaned out
ex. carotid endarterectomy

184
Q

pericardiostomy peri/cardi/o/stomy

A

creation of an artificial opening in the outer layer of the heart

185
Q

phlebectomy phleb/ectomy

A

excision of a vein

186
Q

phlebotomy phleb/o/tomy

A

incision into the vein to remove blood, give blood or instill intravenous fluids

Also called: venipuncture

187
Q

aneurysmectomy

A

surgical excision of an aneurysm

188
Q

bone marrow biopsy

A

a needle puncture to obtain a sample of the bone marrow

189
Q

bone marrow transplant

A

infusion of normal bone marrow cells from donor with matching cells to a tissue recipient

190
Q

cardiac pacemaker

A

battery powered apparatus implanted into the skin with leads placed on the heart or in the chamber of the heart

191
Q

coronary artery bypass graft

A

surgical technique to bring new blood supply to the heart by detouring around blocked arteries

Ab: CABG (pronounced cabbage)

192
Q

coronary stent

A

a device implanted in the coronary artery to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy

193
Q

embolectomy

A

surgical removal of an embolus or clot

194
Q

femoropopliteal bypass

A

surgery to establish alternate route from femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction

195
Q

implantable cardiac defibrillator

A

device implanted into the body to continuously monitor the heart rhythm and deliver and electric shock to convert the arrhythmia back to a normal rhythm if needed

196
Q

intracoronary thrombolytic therapy

A

an injection of an intravenous medication to dissolve bloo clots in coronary blood vessels

197
Q

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

A

a procedure where a balloon is inserted in the blood vessel into a coronary artery to the area where plaque has formed and the balloon is inflated to compress the plaque on to the arterial walls opening up the vessel

198
Q

ACS

A

acute coronary artery bypass graft

199
Q

AFib

A

atrial fibrillation

200
Q

AV

A

atrioventricular

201
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

202
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

203
Q

coronary artery disease

A

CAD

204
Q

CBC

A

complete blood count

205
Q

CCU

A

coronary care unit

206
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

207
Q

CPK

A

creatinine phosphokinase

208
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

209
Q

CRP

A

C-reactive protein

210
Q

DSA

A

digital subtraction angiography

211
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

212
Q

ECG/ EKG

A

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

213
Q

Echo

A

echocardiogram

214
Q

HCT

A

hematocrit

215
Q

Hgb

A

hemoglobin

216
Q

HHD

A

hypertensive heart disease

217
Q

ICD

A

implantable plethysmography

218
Q

IPG

A

impedance plethysmography

219
Q

IV

A

intravenous

220
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

221
Q

PAD

A

peripheral arterial disease

222
Q

PT

A

prothrombin time

223
Q

PTCA

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

224
Q

RBC

A

red blood cells

225
Q

SPECT

A

single-photon, emission computed tomography

226
Q

TEE

A

transesophageal echocardiogram

227
Q

WBC

A

white blood cell

Medical Assistant: Body Systems 1 (6 decks)

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