Respiratory system Flashcards
Lung volume at rest
we inspire and expire approximately 0.5 litres of air
Residual volume
amount of air left in lungs after maximal expiration
Vital capacity
everything that you can breathe in per breath
Tidal volume
volume of air breathed in OR out per breath
Inspiratory reserve volume
extra amount of air inspired after normal breath
typical reading of 3.1L
Expiratory reserve volume
volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath
typical reading of 1.2L
Minute ventilation
volume of air breathed in OR out per minute
Affects of smoking
- damages the alveoli
- cilia is damaged - causes excess mucus build up in lung passages
- irritation of the trachea and bronchi
- reduces efficiency of gaseous exchange
Inspiratory centre
responsible of inspiration
Expiratory centre
stimulates the expiratory muscles during exercise
Gaseous exchange
the process of swapping one gas for another. It occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. Oxygen diffuses into the capillaries from the air in the alveoli and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the capillaries and into the air in
Diffusion
The movement of gas molecules from an area of high partial pressure to low partial pressure
pressure of O2 in alveoli, blood and muscles
- alveoli = 100mmHg
- blood = 100mmHg —- 40 mmHg
- Muscles = 40 mmHg
Partial pressure of CO2 in alveoli, blood, muscles
- alveoli = 40 mmHg
- blood = 40 mmHg — 46 mmHg
- muscles = 46 mmHg
Air passage
- nose
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- alveoli
- bronchi
- bronchioles
