Energy systems

Question 1

ATP

Answer 1

Adenosine triphosphate - usable form of energy in the body. 1 adenosine 3 phosphate.

Question 2

ATP resythesis

Answer 2

ATP within muscle fibres are used up very quickly in 2-3 seconds.

replenished immediately through phosphocreatine & carbohydrates.

Question 3

ATP-PC system

Answer 3

adenosine triphosphate-phosphate creatine system used up 8-10 seconds

Question 4

Advantages ATP-PC system

Answer 4

• creatine phosphate rebuilds the ATP molecule to extend the time that someone is able to use this energy system, as well as the number of times that you can use the system.
• system can be trained by doing short maximum intervals with a recovery of three times the workload time.

Question 5

Krebs cycle

Answer 5

two acetyl groups diffuse into the matrix of the mitochondria, the krebs cycle occurs:

acetyl combines with oxaloacetic acid, forming citric acid.

Hydrogen is removed from citric acid and this rearranged form of citric acid gives off hydrogen and carbon.

carbon forms Co2 which is transported to the lungs and breathed out and the hydrogen is taken to the electron transport chain.

Question 6

Disadvantages of ATP-PC

Answer 6

• can only provide energy for brief periods of time (8-10 seconds)
• system can be accessed a number of times, but will eventually exhaust the built in supply of ATP

Question 7

Anaerobic Glycolytic

system

Answer 7

for high intensity sports- lasts around 2-3 mins. - optimal for 400M race

Gets its energy from Glucose stored in the muscle and liver as glycogen.

Question 8

Process of glucose breakdown

Answer 8

causes the production of pyruvic acid by the enzyme phosphofructokinase - this process takes place in the sarcoplasm of the muscle cell - as its an aerobic process, the pyruvic acid is further broken down to lactate acid by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase

Question 9

Aerobic system

3 stages

Answer 9

1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs cycle
3. Electron Transport chain

Question 10

Electron transport chain

Answer 10

Hydrogen is carried to the electron transport chain by hydrogen carriers. This occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria.

hydrogen splits into hydrogen Ions and electrons and these are charged with potential energy.

the hydrogen ions are oxidised to form water, while providing energy to resynthesise ATP