group dynamics Flashcards
Group dynamics
Group consisting of two or more people working together towards a set goal
Characteristics of a team
- collective identity
- interaction
- communication
- shared goal/ purpose
Tuckman (1965)
4 stages of group development
- forming
- storming
- norming
- performing
- adjourning
Forming
getting to know team members
Storming
conflict and personality clashes
Norming
working together and getting along
Performing
working as a team without conflict towards a shared goal
Adjourning
once goal is achieved the group dissolves and the process begins again
Cohesion key
integration of team members and how they work together
Steiner’s model
AP-PP-FP
- actual productivity
- potential productivity
- faulty processes
Social Loafing
a reduction of motivation/effort during performance
Causes of social loafing
- low self confidence
- negative attitudes
- poor leadership
- individual efforts are not recognised
- lack of fitness
- poor goal setting
- feeling that team members aren’t trying
Ringelmann effect
operational effectiveness of the group or unit cannot be sustained
Avoiding social loafing
- recognise & reward efforts
- give players specific roles
- highlight individual performance
- use goal goal setting
- video analysis
Cohesion
tendency of member of the team to work together to achieve the desired goal
Social cohesion
personal relationships within the group
Task cohesion
relates to the way team members work with each other to achieve a goal
positives of goal setting
- increases motivation
- improves confidence
- regulate and sustain effort
Outcome goals
concern results and are success based
orientated goals
concerns improvements in technique or performance
Performance goals
judged against previous performance- to improve personal achievements
process goals
improving technique
goal setting
S.M.A.R.T.E.R
- Specific
- Measurable
- Achievable
- Realistic
- Timed
- Evaluate
- Re-do
Leadership
The behavioural process influencing individuals and groups towards set goals. good leaders can motivate people towards successful outcomes.
Leader qualities
- charisma
- communication
- interpersonal skills
- empathy
- inspirational
- confidence
- experience
- organisational skills
Autocratic leadership
focusses on task demands of the group
- makes all decisions
- does not take into account opinions of the group
Democratic leadership
focusses on the interpersonal behaviour of the group members
- shares decisions with the rest of the group
Laissez-faire leadership
makes few decisions and leaves group members to do as they wish
